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基于计算流体力学的寒区土壤水热耦合模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤水文过程（水分运移和传热）及其对气候变化的响应是寒区水文学的前沿问题。然而,冻土的存在使得寒区土壤水文过程变得极其复杂。此外,寒区自然环境恶劣,较难获取长时间序列和高分辨率的野外观测资料。近年来,充分利用已有的观测数据,构建寒区土壤水热耦合模型,并开展相应的数值模拟研究,已成为理解寒区土壤水文物理过程,揭示其动力学机制的重要途径。基于寒区土壤水文物理过程和计算流体力学方法,构建了高分辨率、适用于完全饱和状态下的寒区土壤水热耦合模型,且自主研发了相应的数值求解器和软件包。随后,通过一系列完全饱和状态下的验证算例,如经典的一维传热方程解析解、被广泛应用的二维基准测试算例和室内土柱冻结实验等,对已构建的模型进行了系统的检验。模型模拟结果与解析解、基准算例的结果以及实验数据相比,均有较好的一致性,表明该模型较为准确且高效地模拟了寒区土壤在完全饱和状态下的水分运移和传热过程,尤其能够精细刻画冻土水-冰相态变化等关键过程,有望成为研究寒区土壤水文过程的有力工具。 相似文献
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Land use and cover change(LUCC) is an important indicator of the human-earth system under climate/environmental change,which also serves as a key impact factor of carbon balance,and a major source/sink of soil carbon cycles.The Heihe River Basin(HRB) is known as a typical ecologically fragile area in the arid/semi-arid regions of northwestern China,which makes it more sensitive to the LUCC.However,its sensitivity varies in a broad range of controlling factors,such as soil layers,LUCCs and calculation methods(e.g.the fixed depth method,FD,and the equivalent mass method,ESM).In this study,we performed a meta-analysis to assess the response of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) storage to the LUCC as well as method bias based on 383 sets of SOC data and 148 sets of TN data from the HRB.We first evaluated the calculation methods and found that based on the FD method,the LUCC caused SOC and TN storage to decrease by 17.39% and 14.27%,respectively;while the losses estimated using the ESM method were 19.31% and 18.52%,respectively.The deviations between two methods were mainly due to the fact that the FD method ignores the heterogeneity of soil bulk density(BD),which may underestimate the results subsequently.We then analyzed the response of SOC and TN storage to various types of the LUCC.In particular,when woodland and grassland were converted into cultivated land or other land types,SOC and TN suffered from heavy losses,while other LUCCs had minor influences.Finally,we showed that increasing the depth of the soil layers would reduce the losses of SOC and TN storage.In summary,we identified a series of controlling factors(e.g.soil layer,the LUCC and calculation method) to evaluate the impact of the LUCC on SOC and TN storage in the HRB,which should be considered in future research. 相似文献
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渗透系数是描述地下含水层系统空间异质性的重要参数,直接影响地下水位和浅层土壤水分分布,并最终间接影响地表辐射收支及地气间能量转换.基于三维物理过程的地下水—陆面过程耦合模型ParFlow-CLM,在黑河流域中游灌区开展数值模拟实验,分析4种渗透系数情景下地下水位埋深、地表热通量和温度的差异.结果表明,忽略水平方向异质性会降低地表热通量的模拟精度,同时设置水平和垂直方向异质性并考虑包气带—饱水带三维水力特征可提高地表温度的模拟精度;充分考虑土壤和含水层系统异质性能提高分层(尤其是0.2～0.5 m深度土层)土壤温度的模拟精度;土壤和含水层系统异质性对地表热通量和温度的控制作用受到下垫面、地形等环境因素的显著影响,尤其在裸地区域,地表感热通量和温度的模拟结果差异较大.研究结果可为干旱—半干旱地区高时空分辨率水文集成模型的构建提供科学依据. 相似文献
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