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坡面草被覆盖对坡沟侵蚀产沙过程的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
By scouring experiments, the changeable process and characteristics of sediment yield in the hillslope-gully side erosion
system with different coverage degrees and spatial locations of grass were studied. Five grass coverage degrees of 0, 30%,
50%, 70%, 90%, three spatial locations of grass (upslope, mid-slope, low-slope) and two water inflow rates of 3.2 L/min, 5.2
L/min were applied to a 0.5 by 7 m soil bed in scouring experiments. Results showed that the sediment yield decreased with
the increase of grass coverage degree at 3.2 L/min water inflow rate in scouring experiments and the sediment yield with different
grass locations on the sloping surface was in the order of upper > middle > lower. At 5.2 L/min water inflow rate, the differences
of sediment yield among various grass coverage degrees were increased, whereas the changeable tendency of sediment yield with
different grass locations on the whole sloping surface was not very obvious. The proportion of sediment yield from the gully
side increased in an exponential relationship with the increase of grass coverage degree. When the grass was located on the
lower position of hillslope, the influence for accelerating gully erosion is the greatest.
Foundation: National Basic Research Program of China, No.2007CB407201; National Key Technology R&D Program, No.2006BAB06B01-06; Science
and Technique Development Foundation of YRIHR, No.200603
Author: Li Mian (1968–), Ph.D and Senior Engineer, specialized in soil erosion. 相似文献
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坡面草被覆盖对坡沟侵蚀产沙过程的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过室内放水冲刷试验方法,研究了坡沟系统坡面不同草被覆盖度及空间配置下,坡沟系统侵蚀产沙变化过程及特征。结果表明,放水流量较小时,覆盖度越高,侵蚀产沙量越小;坡面草被不同空间配置下的产沙量大小依次是：坡上部 > 坡中部 > 坡下部。大流量时,不同草被覆盖度间的产沙量差异增大,不同草被空间配置下的产沙量变化规律不十分显著。沟坡产沙比随坡面草被覆盖度的增加呈指数增加,大流量比小流量下的增加幅度要大。坡面草被布设在坡下部时,其对沟坡侵蚀的危害最大。坡沟系统侵蚀产沙变化过程是增加-稳定-下降,其变化的阶段性不如单一坡面明显。 相似文献
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黄河流域近期水沙变化及其趋势预测 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
针对黄河水沙近期发生显著变化的现象,利用黄河上中游干支流水文泥沙定位观测资料,综合"水文法"、"水保法"和数学模拟等多种方法,对黄河流域1997-2006年水沙变化情势进行了评估,分析了水沙变化机制,并预测了未来的变化趋势。分析表明,与多年平均相比,黄河河源区径流量年均减少43.90亿m3,其中降雨等自然因素的影响量占92.26%,人类活动影响量占7.74%;与1970年前相比,黄河实测径流量年均减少112.1亿m3,其中水利水土保持综合治理等人类活动作用占76.50%,因降雨影响占23.50%;实测输沙量较1970年以前年均减少11.80亿t,其中水利水土保持综合治理等人类活动的作用为49.75%,降雨的影响为50.25%;人类活动与降雨变化对水沙变化的影响差异较大,就黄河中游地区总体而言,人类活动的减水作用远大于降雨的影响,人类活动的减沙作用与降雨影响基本相当,不宜笼统说黄河中游水沙变化主要是人类活动所致或主要是降雨变化所致; 2050年以前黄河来水来沙量总体呈平偏枯趋势,但不排除个别年份或短时段仍会发生丰水丰沙的可能性。 相似文献
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