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放牧牲畜排泄物是青藏高原高寒草地生态系统的一种重要养分来源,对于维持草地土壤肥力和植被生产力具有重要意义。采用尼龙网袋法监测了两种主要放牧牲畜牦牛和藏绵羊粪便干物质量及主要养分含量在降解过程中随时间的动态变化特征。结果表明,牦牛和藏绵羊粪便在经过93 d的降解后,干物质量分别减少了30.9%和21.6%。到试验期末,牦牛粪便全碳和全氮含量显著降低,其值降至初始的81.8%和79.2%,而全磷和全钾的变化则不显著,表明碳氮减少量较磷和钾更为明显。藏绵羊粪便全碳和全钾含量在试验期末降至初始的87.7%和72.6%,差异具有极显著性,但全氮和全磷减少不显著。牲畜粪便在一个生长季内的降解和养分释放量较少可能使得其对土壤和植被产生的潜在生态环境效应具有滞后性。放牧过程中,牧民少量捡拾牲畜粪便用作生活资料将有利于维持高寒草地生态系统的养分平衡和可持续发展。 相似文献
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In this paper,the RIEMS 2.0 model,source emission in 2006 and 2010 are used to simulate the distributions and radiative effects of different anthropogenic aerosols over China.The comparison between the results forced by source emissions in 2006 and 2010 also reveals the sensitivity of the radiative effects to source emission.The results are shown as follows:(1) Compared with those in 2006,the annual average surface concentration of sulfate in 2010 decreased over central and eastern China with a range of-5 to 0 μg/m~3;the decrease of annual average aerosol optical depth of sulfate over East China varied from 0.04 to 0.08;the annual average surface concentrations of BC,OC and nitrate increased over central and eastern China with maximums of 10.90,11.52 and 12.50μg/m~3,respectively;the annual aerosol optical depths of BC,OC and nitrate increased over some areas of East China with extremes of 0.006,0.007 and 0.008,respectively.(2)For the regional average results in 2010,the radiative forcings of sulfate,BC,OC,nitrate and their total net radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere over central and eastern China were-0.64,0.29,-0.41,-0.33 and-1.1 W/m~2,respectively.Compared with those in 2006,the radiative forcings of BC and OC in 2010 were both enhanced,while that of sulfate and the net radiative forcing were both weakened over East China mostly.(3)The reduction of the cooling effect of sulfate in 2010 produced a warmer surface air temperature over central and eastern China;the maximum value was 0.25 K.The cooling effect of nitrate was also slightly weakened.The warming effect of BC was enhanced over most of the areas in China,while the cooling effect of OC was enhanced over the similar area,particularly the area between Yangtze and Huanghe Rivers.The net radiative effect of the four anthropogenic aerosols generated the annual average reduction and the maximum reduction were-0.096 and-0.285 K,respectively,for the surface temperature in 2006,while in 2010 they were-0.063 and-0.256 K,respectively.In summary,the change in source emission lowered the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols,mainly because of the enhanced warming effect of BC and weakened cooling effect of scattering aerosols. 相似文献
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人为干扰对藏北高寒草原群落生物量及其碳氮磷含量特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
退牧还草工程是国家为改善草原生态环境和促进牧区经济持续发展而实行的一项战略性工程,禁牧和休牧措施是其主要措施。以藏北高寒草原申扎区域的退牧还草工程为研究对象,分别选取禁牧围栏样地、休牧围栏样地和围栏外的一块自由放牧样地,比较分析这三种人为干扰下的放牧样地的生物量及其碳氮磷含量的特征。结果表明:休牧样地地上和地下生物量分别为35.69 g/m2和237.11 g/m2,均显著高于禁牧样地(22.48 g/m2和151.22 g/m2)和自由放牧样地(25.27g/m2和96.37 g/m2)。植物中碳氮磷含量,地上部分禁牧样地含碳量最高,植物氮、磷含量自由放牧样地最高;地下部分碳、氮含量差异不明显,P含量自由放牧最高。说明植物生物量大小与植物体内碳氮磷元素含量大小无相关关系。对于禁牧样地,在长期围栏封育的同时,应适当的添加P元素或N、P元素;而休牧样地,在短期围栏封育时,可添加适当的N元素。 相似文献
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正2018年以来,港口区国土资源执法监察大队共查处违法用地8宗,查处率100%。目前,港口区国土资源动态巡查工作取得良好成效,为港口区更好地维护土地、矿产秩序,及时发现和制止土地、矿产各类违法行为等方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。为进一步推进国土资源动态巡查工作顺利开展,及时发现、有效制止国土资源违法行为,有力保障我区国土资源法律法规的贯彻落实,港口区国土资源执法监察 相似文献
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