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1.
Zinc–lead–barite deposits located in Lefan and Lower Banik localities of about 25 km northeast of Zakho City, Northern Iraq
consist of a group of strata-bound sulfides hosted in Upper Cretaceous (Upper Campanian–Maastrichtian) dolomitic limestone.
Carbonate-hosted ores contain 3.77% Zn, 2% Pb, and 5% Fe, while in lower Banik, they contain 1.5% Zn, 0.37% Pb, and 1.4% Fe.
Diagenetic processes, such as dolomitization and recrystalization in addition to the type of microfacies, provided appropriate
physical and chemical conditions that permitted the passage of ore-bearing fluids and participated in precipitation and ore
localization. These deposits are precipitated in a platform and developed within the Foreland Thrust Belt. Ore precipitated
as infill of intergranular dolomite porosity with replaced dolomite and rudist shells forming disseminated crystals that occupy
intergranular pore spaces around dolomite and calcite and as infill of dissolution spaces and fractures. 相似文献
2.
Salih Muhammad Awadh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2009,2(2):139-142
Reflectance (R%) and internal reflections (IR) in the iron variant, sphalerite, are investigated by using the scanning electron microprobe and reflected light microscope. Iron contents in sphalerite positively affect reflectance and can be considered as a control factor of internal reflections color. Internal reflections of sphalerite grains that contain less than 10% Fe appear to be whitish yellow color but are with reddish brown color when Fe rises to 10% to 17%. This work is an effort for developing ore microscopy and ore petrography technique by using the optical properties as a geochemical tool for fast preliminary estimating iron content in sphalerite by using reflected light microscope. 相似文献
3.
Climatic data from four meteorological stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Basra, and Rutba) were obtained. The recorded temperature data since 1960 till 2007 and rainfall and evaporation data since 1960 till 2008 and 1970 till 2008, respectively, were used and interpreted. This study showed an increase in temperature of about 5°C/47?years and an increase in evaporation rate with a decrease in the rainfall rate. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere appears to be a factor controlling climate change. Basra climate, due to its location which is nearest to the Arabian Gulf, is expressed as a coastal climate and has a different behavior from Mosul, Baghdad, and Rutba, which are considered as terrestrial climates. 相似文献
4.
Natural Resources Research - This study aims to evaluate the use of Tigris River sediments as abrasives for polishing marble surfaces to achieve a usable form as floor tiles, facing stones and... 相似文献
5.
Fitian R. Al-Rawi Thamer K. Al-Ameri Salih M. Awadh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):545-558
Findings of the oil source affinity for oil sample collected from shallow borehole already drilled for ground water purposes at the Sakran area, NE Haditha city, western Iraq, is performed in this study by biomarker studies with addition to the analysis of gravity map. Petroleum geochemistry study is carried out on oil sample. The terpane and sterane biomarker distributions, as well as the stable isotope values, are used for determining the validity of oil to correlate its source. The results showed that the oil belongs to the Jurassic age, with high sulfur content (2.75 %) and value of C28/C29 up to 0.75. The tricyclic terpanes values as well as hopanes indicated a source rock affinity of carbonates, whereas the pristine/phytane ratio indicated marine algal source of kerogen type II. All these information could confirm that the source rock affinity was the Sargelu Formation (Jurassic), in which their age’s equivalent to the source in East Baghdad Oil Field and Tikrit Oil Field, with a difference from the oil family near the Akkas field, located to the west of the area. Chemical analyses of water sample collected from the borehole showed the following results: TDS?=?12,700 mg/l, EC?=?215,900 μs/cm, pH?=?6.8, DO?=?28 mg/l, and temperature?=?24 °C. Hydrochemical functions such as rNa/rCl (<1), (rNa–rCl)/rSO4 (<0) and rSO4/rCl (<1) indicate that the water is of marine origin, partially mixed with meteoric water. Analysis of the gravity map revealed two anomalous areas; the western one represents large anomaly with EW trend similar to the Anah graben to the north. The second one consists of many anomalies trending N–NW direction. The main local anomaly is identical with the seeps from the drilled borehole covering large area. The boundaries and trends of the main geological structures have been defined by gradient analysis procedure to the gravity data. The closed gravity anomalies with their large extensions reflect the importance of the results for further studies and promising area for oil reservoirs. 相似文献
6.
The hydrochemistry of Euphrates River in the study area which extended from Hit to Al-Saqlawia was studied in order to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties in addition to the radiation level. Thirty-one stations along the Euphrates River were chosen, 17 of them represented the Euphrates River itself, whereas the other stations are considered as point pollution sources which all empty their load directly in the Euphrates River with an average total discharge of 32 m3/s. Twenty-eight samples of the Euphrates water of both high- and low-flow periods were analyzed for cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+), anions (SO 4 = , Cl?, CO 3 = , HCO 3 ? , NO 3 ? , PO 4 ?3 ), H2S boron, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, bacteriological tests, radiation levels in addition to physical parameters such as hydrogen number (pH), total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, total suspended solid, and temperature. This study showed that the cations and anions during periods of high and low flows are within acceptable limit with exceptional Cl?. Hydrochemical formula during the high flow was Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, then it changed into Na-Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4-Cl during the low-flow period. The average output cations and anions at downstream (Saqlawiya area) was relatively higher than those of input at upstream (Hit area); this attributed to the natural and anthropogenic activities originated mainly from agricultural activity and population communities around the river. Radiation level for 212Pb, 214Pb, 40k, 220Ac, and 214Bi showed that the higher level of radiation is concentrated within sediment rather than in water, but the radiation in both is within acceptable limit. 相似文献
7.
Salih Muhammad Awadh Zenah Saleem Abood Murtadha Jabar Eisa 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3765-3772
The caves that are present within the Injana Formation (Upper Miocene–Pliocene) which sometimes extend to be hosted within the Dibdibba Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene) in the Tar Al-Najaf and Tar Al-Sayyed within the Najaf–Karbala district have been studied. The study aims to assess the genesis of caves and diagnose the factors affecting the building and the destruction of these caves through geologic time. For this reasons, intensive fieldwork as well as the mineralogical composition and microscopic interpretation were achieved to facilitate the investigation of cave-forming factors. Calcite, quartz, feldspar, dolomite, as well as clay minerals are the constituents of Injana Formation in the study area. The amount of insoluble residue is usually higher in weathered carbonates and in some other cases in fresh carbonate, which is not very common but it may occur. Caves appear to be hosted within the claystone beds and concentrated within Injana Formation, whereas the Dibdibba Formation seems to form the roof of the caves. The mechanism of building caves starts by microdissolution forming microfractures. Then with time, they have developed to be vertical joints. These joints were gradually enlarged as a result of claystone exfoliation along joint planes. Chemical weathering, physical weathering, and sedimentary structure (mud balls) play a key role in the processes of cave evolution. Some caves appear to be irregular, but others tend to be regular with rectangular shape, enough for hosting human beings. These caves may have been used as homes for the ancient human for his protection and improvement of his life. At the same time as the caves were formed, there were other natural factors working continuously that destroy the cave. These factors are dissolution, soil creep, and mass sliding. This work highly recommends for further contributions in terms of the archaeological investigation on these caves to discover the ancient civilization in this area, if any. 相似文献
8.
Moutaz A. Al-Dabbas Salih Muhammad Awadh Ayad Abed Zaid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1799-1810
The Euphrates Formation (Lower Miocene) in the Central Iraq consists mainly of shallow marine carbonates. Two hundred ten samples were collected from 21 wells (1E to 21ED) at Bahar Najaf area, and 18 samples were collected at Wadi Asadi in Baghdadi area, from Euphrates Formation. Four microfacies are identified, namely mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and rare grainstone with ten submicrofacies. The allochems in the Euphrates Formation are dominated by bioclasts. Peloids, ooids, and intraclasts are less abundant. The common fossils in the Euphrates Formation are miliolids, algae, ostracods, Miogypsina, and abundant shells of pelecypods and gastropods. Calcite and dolomite are the predominant mineral components of the Euphrates Formation. The carbonates of the Euphrates Formation have been affected by a variety of diagenetic processes such as micritization, dissolution, neomorphism, cementation, stylolitization, dolomitization, dedolomitization, and silicification. The Euphrates Formation was deposited in open to restricted platforms which indicated lagoonal environment with warm and restricted open circulation. In fact, prevalence and abundance of micrite provide an evidence of a shallow marine of low-energy environment and, in some places, may be approaching to be stagnant environment. The average of CaO in Najaf area (51.5 %) is slightly lower than that in Baghdadi area (53.3 %), which was reflected in calcite content found being 91 % in Najaf and 94 % in Baghdadi. Dolomite and gypsum appeared as minor minerals beside calcite, so low concentration of MgO (0.83 % in Najaf; 0.63 in Baghdadi) and SO3 (0.55 % in Najaf; 0.53 % in Baghdadi) was reflected information of small amounts of dolomite (2 % in Najaf; 1.6 % in Baghdadi) and gypsum (0.7 % in Najaf and 0.6 in Baghdadi) in the Euphrates Formation. The insoluble residue in Najaf area (4.37 %) is relatively higher than that in Baghdadi area (1.9 %), indicating that the Euphrates Formation in Najaf Area has deposited in an environment closer to the shoreline. Concentrations of the trace elements Sr, Mn, and Fe which support the conclusion that reminds the Euphrates Formation had been deposited in a shallow marine environment of quiet energy, with the likelihood that the shoreline was the nearest to Najaf rather than to Baghdadi. 相似文献
9.
Salih Muhammad Awadh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(1):315-323
Roadside dust samples were collected from selected areas near the fuel stations in Karkh District of Baghdad City, the capital of Iraq, as well as both sides of the highway between Ramadi and Rutba. In order to assess the probable pollution level of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb) in the study areas, they were determined in the roadside dust using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The extent of traffic contribution to roadside dust was assessed by comparing the metal concentrations in roadside dust to those of Upper Continental Crust background considering a Cd background of 0.098 mg/km, Ni background of 44 mg/km, and Pb background of 16 mg/km using geo-accumulation index (I geo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI). The roadside dust contains relatively elevated levels of heavy metals. The average concentration of Cd, Ni, and Pb in Baghdad is 0.17, 25.5, and 14.8 mg/kg; in the north of the highway is 0.14, 23.4, and 14.7 mg/kg; and in the south of the highway is 0.2, 27.4, and 15.6 mg/km. The higher averages of these metals were recorded in the south of the highway. The study areas are impacted with considerable quantity of metals. The distribution pattern of the concentrations of metals was essentially affected by exhausted gases emitted from transportation automobile where the direction of the prevailing wind played a major role in the transport of the pollutants, causing an increase in metal concentrations towards the south side of the highway. 相似文献
10.
Awadh Salih Muhammad Al-Mimar Heba S. Yaseen Zaher Mundher 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(6):4403-4415
Natural Resources Research - This research was conducted on five oilfields in the Mishrif reservoir, southern Iraq, to illustrate the effects of permeability on the damage caused by the injection... 相似文献