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Gyanesh Kudaisya 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(1):24-39
The partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 was followed by the forced uprooting of an estimated 18 million people. This paper focuses on the predicament of the minority communities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) who were uprooted and forced to seek shelter in the Indian province of West Bengal. It considers the responses of Indian federal and provincial governments to the challenge of refugee rehabilitation. A study is made of the Dandakaranya scheme which was undertaken after 1958 to resettle the refugees by colonising forest land: the project was sited in a peninsular region marked by plateaus and hill ranges which the refugees, originally from the riverine and deltaic landscape of Bengal, found hard to accept. Despite substantial official rehabilitation efforts, the refugees demanded to be resettled back in their “natural habitat” of Indian Bengal. However, this was resisted by the state. Notwithstanding this opposition, a large number of East Bengal refugees moved back into regions which formed a part of erstwhile undivided Bengal where, without any government aid and planning, they colonised lands and created their own habitats. Many preferred to become squatters in the slums that sprawled in and around Calcutta. The complex interplay of identity and landscape, of dependence and self-help, that informed the choices which the refugees made in rebuilding their lives is analysed in the paper. 相似文献
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Long-term climate data records (CDR) are often constructed using observations made by multiple Earth observing sensors over
a broad range of spectra and a large scale in both time and space. These sensors can be of the same or different types operated
on the same or different platforms. They can be developed and built with different technologies and are likely operated over
different time spans. It has been known that the uncertainty of climate models and data records depends not only on the calibration
quality (accuracy and stability) of individual sensors, but also on their calibration consistency across instruments and platforms.
Therefore, sensor calibration inter-comparison and validation have become increasingly demanding and will continue to play
an important role for a better understanding of the science product quality. This paper provides an overview of different
methodologies, which have been successfully applied for sensor calibration inter-comparison. Specific examples using different
sensors, including MODIS, AVHRR, and ETM+, are presented to illustrate the implementation of these methodologies. 相似文献
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