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为加强新疆地区干旱动态监测与评估，基于阿勒泰、伊宁、乌鲁木齐、和田、哈密5个气象站近49 a的逐日降水与蒸散数据，采用计算简单、敏感性与稳定性较强的RDI指数分析了5个地区季尺度以及年尺度的干旱特征，并指出了未来新疆地区干旱评估的发展方向。结果表明：（1） 5个地区在年尺度和4个季尺度上的干旱强度与频率略有差异，但干旱程度均有所下降，都存在湿润化趋势，乌鲁木齐湿润化程度最高，和田地区湿润化程度最低。（2） 从季节上看，阿勒泰地区夏、秋两季湿润化程度较高，春、冬两季湿润化程度较低；伊宁和乌鲁木齐两地夏、冬两季湿润化较明显，春、秋两季湿润化程度较低；和田、哈密两地春、夏、秋三季都比冬季湿润化程度高。 相似文献
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Keller P. Nicolini Katia C. Lombardi Wido H. Schreiner Irineu Mazzaro Fernando Wypych Antonio S. Mangrich 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,97(1-2):139-144
We report on a paramagnetic anisotropy study of three layered phyllosilicates. The mineral samples were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Based on EPR measurements of samples oriented parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, we show how the substitutional iron is transformed from Fe(II) (biotite) into Fe(III) (muscovite and kaolinite) species and from axial Fe(III) coordination sites (muscovite) to rhombic (kaolinite) sites in response to weathering. 相似文献
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Bloom‐forming cyanobacteria have been observed in eutrophic waterbodies including drinking water reservoirs all over the world. In this connection investigations about the relevance of intra‐ and extracellular cyanotoxins for drinking water treatment were carried out in laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale experiments. An algae growth phase depended toxin release from cyanobacteria was obtained naturally caused from cultured cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and in a eutrophic reservoir containing Planktothrix rubescens. Results from laboratory‐scale tests using cultivated cyanobacteria and pilot‐scale experiments at a eutrophic reservoir underline the induced toxin release during conventional water treatment. Additional to the known toxin release using pre‐oxidation, it was obtained the first time that the application of flocculation/filtration also effects in toxin release under the conditions investigated, possibly caused by turbulences in pipes and pressure gradients in filters. 相似文献
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Wido Schmidt 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(1):48-60
Chlorine dioxide stock solutions for the disinfection of drinking water are made by the application of chlorite/chlorine process in many waterworks. In such cases the stock solution is always characterised by a mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The disinfection of waters of different origin with a mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine showed the formation of odours of different intensity. The reasons are the re‐formation of chlorine dioxide and the formation of odorous disinfection by‐products. Applying the chlorine dioxide for disinfection, its re‐formation caused by the reaction of chlorite with chlorine is the dominant reason of odour formation. When chlorine is used, the formation of odorous by‐products becomes more relevant. In order to quantify the sensitivity of water concerning odour, the odour indicator coefficient OI was defined. The decreased demand of chlorine dioxide by applying chlorine and chlorine dioxide in combination is recognised to be the key in order to avoid the formation of odour after the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine dioxide. 相似文献
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