A general method for calculating three-dimensional laminar and turbulent boundary layers on ship hulls     

Tuncer Cebeci  K.C. Chang  Kalle Kaups 《Ocean Engineering》1980,7(2):229-280

A general method for representing the flow properties in the three-dimensional boundary layers around ship hulls of arbitrary shape is described. It makes use of an efficient two-point finite-diffirence schem to solve the boundary-layer equations and includes an algebraic eddy-viscosity representaion of the Reynolds-stress ternsor. The numericzal method contains novel and desirable features and allows the calculation of flows in which the circumferential velocity component contains regions of flow reversal across the boundary layer. The inviscid pressure distribution is determined with the Douglas-Neumann method which, if necessary, can conveniently allow for the boundary-layer displacement surface. To allow its application to ships, and particularly to those with double-elliptic and flat-bottomed hulls, a non-orthogonal coordinate system has been developed and is shown to be economical, precise and comparatively easy to use. Present calculations relate to zero Froude number but they can be extended to include the effects of a water wave and local regions of flow separation which may stem from bulbous-bow geometries.  相似文献   

Lithology and trace-metal content in till in the kuhmo granite-greenstone terrain, eastern Finland     

Matti Saarnisto  Kalle Taipale 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1985,24(3):317-336

Rocks of the Archaean Kuhmo greenstone belt and the fine fraction (− 63 μm) of 236 till samples were analysed for Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe mainly with the AAS method. The influence of bedrock upon the lithology and geochemistry of till is clear, and can be seen immediately at the proximal contact. Expected trace-metal contents for the fine fraction of till were calculated using the average metal contents of the rock types and the proportions of these rock types in the till (2–6 cm pebbles). The expected values were then compared with the measured values in the fine fraction of till at the same locality. This approach seems effective for lithological comparison between various grain-size fractions of till.In general, the measured metal contents are clearly lower than expected. This indicates that the proportion of the greenstone material in the fine fraction of the till is smaller than in the coarse fraction. Correlations between measured and expected values of individual trace metals as well as their correlation with the different rock types are low, in most cases indicating inconsistent variation in the lithology of the coarse and fine fraction of the till. Good positive correlations between the number of pebbles of mafic metavolcanics and contents of Cu, Co, Mn and Fe in the fine fraction of till show that the influence of these rocks on the trace-element geochemistry of the tills in the study area is most significant as might be expected.  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

K. Kalle 《Ocean Dynamics》1961,14(5):197-198

  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

Fr. Model  H. Weidemann  K. Kalle 《Ocean Dynamics》1959,12(3):130-132

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

K. Kalle  F. Nusser 《Ocean Dynamics》1959,12(6):272-273

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

K. Kalle  H. Stoltenberg 《Ocean Dynamics》1955,8(3):128-131

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

K. Kalle  E. H. Rogalla  E. H. Rogalla 《Ocean Dynamics》1964,17(2):86-88

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Franz Zorell †     

K. Kalle 《Ocean Dynamics》1956,9(3):149-150

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Franz Zorell

  相似文献   

Variability and trends in daily minimum and maximum temperatures and in the diurnal temperature range in Lithuania,Latvia and Estonia in 1951–2010     

Jaak Jaagus  Agrita Briede  Egidijus Rimkus  Kalle Remm 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):57-68

Spatial distribution and trends in mean and absolute maximum and minimum temperatures and in the diurnal temperature range were analysed at 47 stations in the eastern Baltic region (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) during 1951–2010. Dependence of the studied variables on geographical factors (latitude, the Baltic Sea, land elevation) is discussed. Statistically significant increasing trends in maximum and minimum temperatures were detected for March, April, July, August and annual values. At the majority of stations, the increase was detected also in February and May in case of maximum temperature and in January and May in case of minimum temperature. Warming was slightly higher in the northern part of the study area, i.e. in Estonia. Trends in the diurnal temperature range differ seasonally. The highest increasing trend revealed in April and, at some stations, also in May, July and August. Negative and mostly insignificant changes have occurred in January, February, March and June. The annual temperature range has not changed.  相似文献   

Cooling of the Kärdla impact crater: I. The mineral paragenetic sequence observation     

Evelin VERSH  Kalle KIRSIME  Argo J ELEHT  Jüri PLADO 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(1):3-19

Abstract— The impact‐induced hydrothermal system in the well‐preserved, 4 km‐diameter Kärdla impact crater on Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia, was investigated by means of mineralogical, chemical, and stable C and O isotope studies. The mineralization paragenetic sequence, with gradually decreasing temperature, reveals at least three evolutionary stages in the development of the post‐impact hydrothermal system: 1) an early vapor‐dominated stage (>300 °C) with precipitation of submicroscopic adularia type K‐feldspar; 2) the main stage (300 to 150/100 °C) with the development of a two‐phase (vapor to liquid) zone leading to precipitation of chlorite/corrensite, (idiomorphic) euhedral K‐feldspar, and quartz; and 3) a late liquid‐dominated stage (<100 °C) with calcite I, dolomite, quartz, calcite II, chalcopyrite/pyrite, Fe‐oxyhydrate, and calcite III precipitation.  相似文献