Impacts of tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie,a hill station in the lower Himalayan range of India     

Sangeeta Sundriyal  Vijay Shridhar  Sandeep Madhwal  Kamal Pandey  Vikram Sharma 《山地科学学报》2018,15(10):2276-2291

Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as the determining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality (perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility (vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation to characterise soil macroporosity under different land use and land covers of northeast India   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sangeeta Shougrakpam  Rupak Sarkar  Subashisa Dutta 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(5):655-674

Saturated macropore flow is the dominant hydrological process in tropical and subtropical hilly watersheds of northeast India. The process of infiltration into saturated macroporous soils is primarily controlled by size, network, density, connectivity, saturation of surrounding soil matrix, and depthwise distribution of macropores. To understand the effects of local land use, land cover and management practices on soil macroporosity, colour dye infiltration experiments were conducted with ten soil columns (25 × 25 × 50 cm) collected from different watersheds of the region under similar soil and agro-climatic zones. The sampling sites included two undisturbed forested hillslopes, two conventionally cultivated paddy fields, two forest lands abandoned after Jhum cultivation, and two paddy fields, one pineapple plot and one banana plot presently under active cultivation stage of the Jhum cycle. Digital image analyses of the obtained dye patterns showed that the infiltration patterns differed significantly for different sites with varying land use, land cover, and cultivation practices. Undisturbed forest soils showed high degree of soil macroporosity throughout the soil profile, paddy fields revealed sealing of macropores at the topsoil due to hard pan formation, and Jhum cultivated plots showed disconnected subsoil macropores. The important parameters related to soil macropores such as maximum and average size of macropores, number of active macropores, and depthwise distribution of macropores were estimated to characterise the soil macroporosity for the sites. These experimentally derived quantitative data of soil macroporosity can have wide range of applications in the region such as water quality monitoring and groundwater pollution assessment due to preferential leaching of solutes and pesticides, study of soil structural properties and infiltration behaviour of soils, investigation of flash floods in rivers, and hydrological modelling of the watersheds.  相似文献   

Measuring the benefits and costs of community education and outreach in marine protected areas     

Craig Leisher  Sangeeta Mangubhai  Sebastiaan Hess  Hesti Widodo  Tri Soekirman  Salomina Tjoe  Stevanus Wawiyai  S. Neil Larsen  Lukas Rumetna  A. Halim  M. Sanjayan 《Marine Policy》2012

Conservation organizations often invest considerable resources in education and outreach activities in and around marine protected areas (MPAs). The expectation is that such efforts will change local knowledge, attitudes and ultimately behavior. This is one of the first studies to assess the efficacy of using education and outreach activities to improve community knowledge and attitudes about an MPA. Random sample surveys in 2005 and 2010 (n=1213) before and after education and outreach activities are compared. Program budgets for the same period give the investment levels. With an investment level averaging US$24 per capita/year, the result was an average increase of 33% in “yes” responses across 15 indicators of knowledge and attitudes towards marine conservation. The increase in knowledge and positive attitudes was associated with a large decrease in “not sure” responses, suggesting that community members with fewer initial preconceptions are the most effective target for education and outreach activities. This study demonstrates that investments in MPA education and outreach can generate increases in local knowledge and positive attitudes, and changing knowledge and attitudes is expected to contribute to the long-term compliance with MPA regulations.  相似文献   

Drainage Analysis in a Part of the Brahmaputra Valley in Sivasagar District, Assam, India, to Detect the Role of Neotectonic Activity     

Sangeeta Sharma  Jogendra Nath Sarma 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(4):895-904

An analysis of the drainage network of a part of Sivasagar district, Assam, India, is undertaken to reveal the role of neotectonic activity of the area. A number of fluvial geomorphic anomalies have been identified in the area. A prominent annular drainage anomaly is displayed by the major rivers—the Dikhu, Jhanzi, Namdang, Dorika and Disang, whose courses are carved in response to the ongoing tectonic deformation in the area. This study reveals that the development of topography and drainage system of the study area have been influenced by active subsurface geological structures. Formation of paleochannels, compressed meanders, reticulate streams, swamps, sagging of grounds, stream alignments, lineaments, knick points and abandonment of rivers as well as development of smaller drainage anomalies also substantiate the active nature of the subsurface structures.  相似文献   

A Social–Ecological Systems Approach to Assessing Conservation and Fisheries Outcomes in Fijian Locally Managed Marine Areas     

Stacy D. Jupiter  Graham Epstein  Natalie C. Ban  Sangeeta Mangubhai  Margaret Fox  Michael Cox 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1096-1111

Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) are often recommended as a strategy to achieve conservation and fisheries management, though few studies have evaluated their performance against these objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of eight periodically harvested closures (PHCs), the most common form of management within Fijian LMMAs, focusing on two outcomes: protection of resource units and biodiversity conservation. Of the eight PHCs, only one provided biodiversity benefits, whereas three were moderately successful in protecting resource units (targeted fish biomass). Protection of resource units was more likely when PHCs were harvested less frequently, less recently, and when total fish biomass in open areas was lower. Our findings further suggest that monitoring, enforcement, and clearly defined boundaries are critical, less frequent harvesting regimes are advised, and culturally appropriate management incentives are needed. Although PHCs have some potential to protect resource units, they are not recommended as a single strategy for broad-scale biodiversity conservation.  相似文献   

Characteristics of turbulent fluxes of sensible heat and momentum in the surface boundary layer during the Indian summer monsoon     

S. Sivaramakrishnan  Sangeeta Saxena  K. G. Vernekar 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1992,60(1-2):95-108

Turbulent fluctuations of wind and temperature were measured using a three-component sonic anemometer at 8 m on a 30 m micro-meteorological tower erected at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur (22.3° N, 87.2° E), India, as part of the Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment (MONTBLEX). Diurnal and nocturnal variations of fluxes of sensible heat and momentum were estimated by the eddy correlation technique from 42 observations, each of 10 min duration during 6–8 July in the monsoon season of 1989. The estimated heat flux shows a diurnal trend while the momentum flux shows variability but no particular trend. The nocturnal heat flux changes sign intermittently.Fluctuations of vertical wind velocity _wand temperature when normalised with the respective scaling parameters u _*and _* are found to scale with Z/L in accordance with the Monin-Obukhov similarity hypothesis: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqOXdy2aaS% baaSqaaiaadEhaaeqaaOGaamiEaiaacIcacaWGAbGaai4laiaadYea% caGGPaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIXaGaai4laiaaiodaaaaaaa!3FE8!\[\phi _w x(Z/L)^{1/3} \], % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqOXdy2aaS% baaSqaaiabeI7aXbqabaGccaWG4bGaaiikaiaadQfacaGGVaGaamit% aiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaigdacaGGVaGaaG4maaaaaaa!40A2!\[\phi _\theta x(Z/L)^{1/3} \] during unstable conditions and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqOXdy2aaS% baaSqaaiaadEhaaeqaaOGaamiEaiaacIcacaWGAbGaai4laiaadYea% caGGPaaaaa!3D90!\[\phi _w x(Z/L)\], % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqOXdy2aaS% baaSqaaiabeI7aXbqabaGccaWG4bGaaiikaiaadQfacaGGVaGaamit% aiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaaaaa!401F!\[\phi _\theta x(Z/L)^{ - 1} \] during stable conditions. Correlation coefficients for heat and momentum flux % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4SdC2aaS% baaSqaaiaadEhacqaH4oqCaeqaaaaa!3A71!\[\gamma _{w\theta } \] and _uwshow stability dependence. For unstable conditions, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4SdC2aaS% baaSqaaiaadEhacqaH4oqCaeqaaaaa!3A71!\[\gamma _{w\theta } \] increases with increasing ¦Z/L¦ whereas _uwdecreases. During stable conditions, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4SdC2aaS% baaSqaaiaadEhacqaH4oqCaeqaaaaa!3A71!\[\gamma _{w\theta } \] decreases with increasing Z/L while _uwdecreases very slowly from a value -0.36 to -0.37.  相似文献   

Seismic vulnerability assessment of earthquake-prone mega-city Shillong,India using geophysical mapping and remote sensing     

Saurabh Baruah  Goutam Kashyap Boruah  Sangeeta Sharma  Washim Akram Hoque  Timangshu Chetia  Chandan Dey 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2020,14(2):112-127

ABSTRACT

The concept of seismic vulnerability is a yard-stick of damage estimation from a probable earthquake considering physical cum social dimension and enables a basis for decision-makers to develop preparedness and mitigation strategies. We aim at vulnerability assessment of the typical urban system of capital city Shillong situated on hilly terrain. High-resolution satellite imagery of Shillong facilitates analysis of building footprints, communication network, and open ground. Different building typologies are identified taking into account the building’s structural configuration assessed through a rapid visual survey of more than 15% of total residential households. Slope map demarcates the landslide-prone area through discrete elevation modelling. A methodology incorporating several parameters e.g. building typology, slope angle, shear wave velocity characteristics, geomorphology, and the number of occupants in correlation with a physical measurement of vulnerability is presented and is applied to estimate the dimension of vulnerability. Additionally, MASW survey indicates lithology up to 30?m deep along with the existence of stiff soil and rocks at different depths whereas resonant frequency is identified to be in the range of 6–8?Hz through H/V ratio. Integrating all, it is observed that more than 60% of Shillong city falls under moderate to higher vulnerability and the rest is less vulnerable.  相似文献   

Source and seasonal variation in the major ion chemistry of two eastern Himalayan high altitude lakes,India     

Jyoti Prakash Deka  Goman Tayeng  Sangeeta Singh  Raza Rafiqul Hoque  Amit Prakash  Manish Kumar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(12):10597-10610

  相似文献   

Baseline of organotin pollution in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from the west coast of India     

Jadhav S  Bhosale D  Bhosle N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(10):2213-2219

Organotins, especially tributyltins (TBT) are highly toxic to many marine organisms. These compounds are introduced in marine waters by ship trafficking, ship scrapping activities, as antifouling compounds and sewage disposal. Marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscans are easily prone to organotins contamination. In view of this, a baseline monitoring study was conducted in order to establish the levels of organotins in edible marine fishes, bivalves, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from Mumbai, Goa and Karwar on the west coast of India. At these locations average organotin concentration found in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs was 108, 852, 179, 70 and 89 ng Sn g⁻¹ dw, respectively. In all the samples butyltins dominated over phenyltins. The levels of organotins suggest that all the organisms were contaminated with organotins and their consumption may pose health problems to humans.  相似文献   

Strong ground motion parameters of the 18 September 2011 Sikkim Earthquake Mw = 6.9 and its analysis: a recent seismic hazard scenario     

Baruah  Saurabh  Bramha  Anjali  Sharma  Sangeeta  Baruah  Santanu 《Natural Hazards》2019,97(3):1001-1023

Natural Hazards - The 18 September 2011 earthquake in Sikkim was one the most devastating earthquake in Sikkim Himalaya in India–Asia collision boundary. The source characteristic of this...  相似文献