Calculating surface water PCO₂ from foraminiferal organic δC     

M.A. Maslin  M.A. Hall  N.J. Shackleton  E. Thomas 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1996,60(24):5089-5100

The δ¹³C of organic matter bound within the crystal lattice of foraminiferal calcite tests may provide a potential tracer of the isotopic composition of the surface water primary photosynthate. Using δ¹³C of the organic matter extracted from the crystal lattice and the calcite test, it is theoretically possible to estimate the paleo-surface water pCO₂. We have tailored this technique initially for the subpolar planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides. Initial surface water pCO₂ estimates from deep-sea core BOFS 5K (50°41.3′N, 21°51.9′W, water depth 3547 m) indicate that the northeast Atlantic Ocean may have been a greater sink for CO₂ during the last glacial than during the Holocene. Greatly reduced benthic foraminifera abundances, especially phytodetritus feeders, in BOFS 5K during the last glacial indicates low surface productivity. This rules out a productivity-driven CO₂ sink. The enhanced glacial CO₂ sink must, therefore, have results from a southwards shift of the centre of deep water formation.  相似文献   

Late Weichselian glaciation history of the northern North Sea   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

HANS PETTER SEJRUP  HAFLIDI HAFLIDASON  INGE AARSETH  EDWARD KING  CARL FREDRIK FORSBERG  DAVID LONG  KÅRE ROKOENGEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1994,23(1):1-13

Based on new data from the Fladen, Sleipner and Troll areas, combined with earlier published results, a glaciation curve for the Late Weichselian in the northern North Sea is constructed. The youngest date on marine sedimentation prior to the late Weichselian maximum ice extent is 29.4 ka BP. At this time the North Sea and probably large parts of southern Norway were deglaciated (corresponding to the Alesund interstadial in western Norway). In a period between 29.4 and c. 22 ka BP, the northern North Sea experienced its maximum Weichselian glaciation with a coalescing British and Scandinavian ice sheet. The first recorded marine inundation is found in the Fladen area where marine sedimentation started close to 22 ka BP. After this the ice fronts receded both to the east and west. The North Sea Plateau, and possibly parts of the Norwegian Trench, were ice-free close to 19.0 ka, and after this a short readvance occurred in this area. This event is correlated with the advance recorded at Dimlington, Yorkshire, and the corresponding climatostratigraphic unit is denoted the Dimlington Stadial (18.5 ka to 15.1 ka). The Norwegian Trench was deglaciated at 15.1 ka in the Troll area. The data from the North Sea, together with the results from Andwa, northern Norway (Vorren et al . 1988; Møller et al . 1992), suggest that the maximum extent of the last glaciation along the NW-European seaboard from the British Isles to northern Norway was prior to c . 22 ka BP.  相似文献   

Astronomical calibration of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary: Consequences for magnetic remanence acquisition in marine carbonates and the Asian loess sequences   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

L. Tauxe  T. Herbert  N.J. Shackleton  Y.S. Kok 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1996,140(1-4):133-146

We have compiled 19 records from marine carbonate cores in which the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary (MBB) has been reasonably well constrained within the astronomically forced stratigraphic framework using oxygen isotopes. By correlation of the δ¹⁸O data to a timescale based on astronomical forcing, we estimate astronomical ages for each of the MBB horizons. In all but one record the MBB occurs within Stage 19.

Most magnetostratigraphic sections in Asian Loess place the MBB within a loess interval. Since loess deposition is presumed to be associated with glacial intervals, loess horizons should correspond to even-numbered oxygen isotope stages. A glacial age for the MBB is at odds with the results presented here, which firmly place the MBB within interglacial Stage 19. Inconsistency among the many loess sections and between the loess and the marine records suggests that the magnetic interpretation of loess sections may be more complicated than hitherto supposed.

The mean of the Stage 19 age estimates for the MBB is 777.9 ± 1.8 (N = 18). Inclusion of the single Stage 20 age results in a mean of 778.8 ± 2.5 (N = 19). The astronomical age estimate of the MBB compares favorably with an (unweighted) mean of 778.2 ± 3.5 (N = 10) from a compilation of ⁴⁰Ar/39^Ar results of transitional lava flows. Combining the two independent data sets yields a grand mean of 778.0 ± 1.7 (N = 28).

The new compilation shows virtually no trend in placement of the MBB within isotope Stage 19 as a function of sediment accumulation rate. We interpret this to mean that the average depth of remanence acquisition is within a few centimeters of the sediment-water interface.

Separating the cores into two geographic regions (an Indo-Pacific-Caribbean [IPC] Group and an Atlantic Group) results in a significant difference in the position of the mid-point of the reversal with respect to the astronomical time scale. The data presented here suggest a difference of several thousand years between the two regions. This observation could be caused by systematic differences between the two regions in sedimentation rate within the interval of interest, systematic differences in remanence acquisition, or by genuine differences in the timing of the directional changes between the two regions.  相似文献   

A summary of sulfur dioxide emission rate measuremnts from Guatemalan volcanoes     

RJ Andres  WI Rose  RE Stoiber  SN Williams  O Matías  R Morales 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1993,55(5):379-388

Measurements of the sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate from three Guatemalan volcanoes provide data which are consistent with theoretical and laboratory studies of eruptive and shallow magma chamber processes. In particular, unerupted magma makes a major contribution to the measured SO₂ emission rates at Santiaguito, a continuously erupting dacitic volcanic dome. Varying shallow magma convection rates can explain the variations in SO₂ emission rates at Santiaguito. At Fuego, a basaltic volcano currently in repose, SO₂ emission rate measurements are consistent with a high level magma body that is crystallizing and releasing volatiles. At Pacaya, a continuously erupting basaltic volcano, recent SO₂ emission rate measurements support laboratory simulation studies of strombolian eruptions; these studies indicate that the majority of gas escapes during eruptions and little gas escapes between eruptions.Average SO₂ emission rates over the last 20 years for Santiaguito, Fuego and Pacaya are 80, 160 and 260 Mg/d, respectively. On a global scale, these three volcanoes account for 1% of the annual global volcanic output of SO₂. Santiaguito and Pacaya, together, emit 6% of the total annual SO₂ emitted by continuously erupting volcanoes.Even though SO₂ measurements at these volcanoes have been made infrequently and by different investigators, the collective data help to establish a useful baseline by which to judge future changes. A more complete record of SO₂ emission rates from these volcanoes could lead to a better understanding of their eruption mechanisms and reduce the impact of their future eruptions on Guatemalan society.  相似文献   

The North Sea and its environment,uses and conflicts: edited by Henk van Hoorn,Gerard Peet and Marianne Tiel Netherlands North Sea Working Group,Amsterdam, 1980     

Michael Shackleton 《Marine Policy》1982,6(1):82-83

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Quaternary geology and deglaciation of the continental shelf off Troms, north Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KÅRE ROKOENGEN  TOM BUGGE 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1979,8(2):217-227

The study is based mainly on 4700 km shallow seismic profiling, soil mechanical, and micropaleontological analyses from forty localities, and seven radiocarbon datings. Six foraminiferal assemblages are recognized. The thickness of Quaternary deposits ranges from sparse to more than 200 m. They consist of top sand, soft sensitive clay, and glacial drift divided into four seismic stratigraphic units. The oldest unit, which is the thickest and most extensive, is built up of various sediments and is partly eroded, especially in the southern part. The remaining units occur as three complex linear belts running broadly parallel to the present coast and were deposited during deglaciation. Dating of the outer unit, the Nordvestsnaget Drift, suggests a maximum age of 13,300 years B.P., and datings from the top of the middle unit, the Mulegga Drift, have given a minimum age of about 12,200 years B.P. Seismic stratigraphy shows that the inner unit, the Havbrobakken Drift, is younger than the Mulegga Drift, but no datings have been obtained so far.  相似文献   

New technique for study on isotopic fractionation between sea water and foraminiferal growing processes     

Cang Shuxi  N. J. Shackleton 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1990,8(4):299-305

The stable isotopic δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C composition of foraminiferal shell calcite varies as a function of many factors including temperature and salinity. In order to understand and interpret the variations in the isotopic composition of foraminiferal shell calcite, research has been recently focused on the role of the “vital effects”. Our examination of the lamella structure of several recent planktonic foraminifera indicates that the secretion of sequential lamellae results in multiple lamillae on earlier chambers and a single lamella on the final chamber. We used a very simple procedure to separate the individual whole test of foraminifera into several chambers and measured the isotopic composition of each growth stage chamber. The results indicate that the stable isotopic composition (carbon and oxygen), particularly that of the last two chambers, of the foraminiferal test varies as a function of the individual growing process. Contribution No. 1847 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.  相似文献   

Changes of the oceanic CO₂ sink in the Eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean     

EMILY BRÉVIÈRE  NICOLAS METZL  ALAIN POISSON  BRONTE TILBROOK 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2006,58(5):438-446

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Thermal resonance of the atmosphere to SST anomalies. Implications for the Antarctic circumpolar wave     

A. COLIN DE VERDIÈRE  M. L. BLANC 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2001,53(3):403-424

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欧亚黄土中古地磁极性界线的地层学解释   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

周力平  N.J.Shackleton  A.E.Dodonov 《第四纪研究》2000,20(2):196-202

本文以欧亚黄土中记录的布容一松山极性倒转界线为例,简要回顾近年来对黄土中 古地磁极性界线地层学解释的讨论。研究表明,由于在记录古地磁极性转换时存在不同程度 的“错位”,黄土中所测的极性界线的年代地层意义存在很大的不确定性。就中国黄土而言,第 ８层黄土（Ｌ_８）中下部或第８层古土壤（Ｓ_８）顶部测得的布容－松山界线系“错位”的产物,该层位 的年龄应老于 ０．７９ＭａＢ．Ｐ。对黄土中测得的Ｃｏｂｂ Ｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ极性事件界线进行地层学解释, 推论蓝田猿人化石层位的年龄１．２ＭａＢ．Ｐ。  相似文献