Evaluation of mine tailings effects on a benthic marine infaunal community over 29 years   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Burd BJ 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(5):481-519

Benthic infaunal and sediment data collected over 29 years were used to examine the extent and geographic range of effects and recovery from submarine tailings deposition. Empirical data were used to determine extreme and moderate effects, and identify near-, mid- and far-field zones. A simple probability test using overlap in frequency distributions was then used to determine less obvious effects, identify "normal" or "reference" conditions, and verify the geographic range of effect zones. Tailings thickness and sediment particulate copper were elevated from the outfall to 16-20 km distant, particularly below discharge depth (50 m). Changes in tailings thickness and copper levels before, during and after mining showed three distinct impact zones below discharge depth: near-field (<5 km from outfall); mid-field (5-16 km); and far-field (20 + km). Consistent faunal declines during mining were noted at sediment particulate copper levels >300 microg g(-1), and sediment tailings thickness > 15-20 cm. Extreme impoverishment at these sediment levels were; < 100 animals/m2, <2.5 g/m2 biomass and <7 taxa per station. No stations with >300 microg g(-1) copper and 20 cm tailings had more than 40 taxa. Amphipods were particularly affected by tailings, with distributions reflecting the instability in sediments from heavy deposition and/or shifting of tailings due to resuspension. The probability testing method assumed that reference conditions existed in far-field stations. There was no difference in abundance distributions between near-, mid- and far-field zones. Total taxa per station during mining was significantly reduced (<45) in both near- and mid-field stations compared with far-field (less than 10% overlap in distributions). One midfield station in Quatsino Sound (23) was in reference condition throughout the study period. Post-closure stations in the near- and mid-field had total taxa numbers approaching far-field conditions (overlap of 62% in distributions). Within 3 years following closure, total taxa values were within the far-field range for all stations sampled. Biomass showed a distinct decline in the near-field during mining, but with more overlap in near-field and far-field distributions (27%) than for total taxa per station, and was returning to far-field conditions in the post-closure years. A multivariate (Bray-Curtis) measure of dissimilarity indicated that the near- and mid-field infaunal compositions were distinct from the far-field during mining (< 10% overlap in distributions). The mid-field composition overlapped more with the far-field in the post-closure years, but the near-field composition did not, suggesting that the mine tailings are still affecting the fauna. The most abundant taxon in each of the reference and near-field station groups both showed significantly distinct relative abundance distributions between near- and far-field stations. In summary, the probability method showed that species richness, biomass, species composition and indicator taxa were useful for differentiating affected and non-affected stations. Polychaetes recolonize stable tailings most quickly, and have dominated the tailings stations in the post-closure years. Amphipods have recolonized sporadically, but seem to be highly sensitive to tailings stability. There was no evidence of recovery in dominant bivalves or echinoderms within three years after mine closure.  相似文献   

Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent     

Todorov JR  Elskus AA  Schlenk D  Ferguson PL  Brownawell BJ  McElroy AE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):691-695

To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed.  相似文献   

基于地理认知的GIS数据元模型研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

邬伦  王晓明  高勇  刘瑜  史文中 《遥感学报》2005,9(5):583-588

将G IS相关认知活动分为类型分层、实体分层和地理实体的具体描述,并在此基础上对G IS数据元模型的结构进行描述。该数据元模型可以较好的实现地理数据不同层次的语义表达及数据间一定程度语义关系的表达,并有利于不同尺度地理分析和决策所需相关地理信息的高效提取。  相似文献   

基于数值格网数据生成流场图的算法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘瑜  张永波 《地理学与国土研究》2002,18(2):31-33

在各种基于场的分析模型（Field-based Model)中，流线的计算是一个重要的研究课题，如基于DEM提取水系，该文探讨了另外一个问题，即直接根据数值格网数据生成流场的空间分布，从而反映整个研究区域的梯度特征，文中提出的算法在水文，气象等研究领域有着较为广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

生油岩地层变化的启示     

Katz  BJ 徐景君 《国外石油地质》1996,(1):35-46

  相似文献   

裂谷盆地油源岩勘探     

Katz  BJ 许丽 《国外石油地质》1996,(1):47-70,58

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基于受限汉语的GIS路径重建研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

刘瑜  高勇  林报嘉  邬伦 《遥感学报》2004,8(4):323-330

主要研究基于自然语言 (汉语 )的GIS路径重建问题 ,通过分析带有路径表述信息的汉语文本 ,建立了汉语的NLRP句法模型 ,它是由带有空间语义的动作以及作为动作对象的地理要素构成的集合。考虑到自然语言理解实现的需求 ,论文基于NLRP句法模型定义了受限汉语的NLRP文法 ,在此基础上 ,描述了路径重建算法PRA ,并探讨了算法实现中由于空间认知原因带来的不确定性问题以及其解决方案。最后 ,基于该算法进行了相关实例研究 ,从而验证了该算法的正确性  相似文献   

综合运用构造分析和超低检测限土壤及水系沉积物地球化学方法发现俄勒…     

Such.  BJ 古平 《物探化探译丛》1994,(3):67-68

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在干旱表生风化地区应用TM图象圈定蚀变带     

阿.  BJ 张义彬 《冶金地质动态》1990,(2):21-27

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化粪系统的化学污染指示剂     

Alha.  BJ 佟元清 《水文地质技术方法》1991,(24):106-118

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