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1.
P.J. Arango A. Devia A.F. Rojas C.A. Peña J.A. Ortiz E. Restrepo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,256(1-2):517-521
We have been studying direct current glow discharges aiming at the production of different paint of coatings on steel substrates. In a set of preliminary experiments, long lasting (hours) discharges performed in a Nitrogen atmosphere between a stell anode (holding the substrates) and a titanium cathode separated by a small gap (few mm) produced very thin coatings of the substrates whose colour depend on the parameter of (interelectrodes gap, gas pressure, discharge current and time duration). In some conditions, the coatings showed a golden colour, typical of the Nti compound. A discussion of the results is given. 相似文献
2.
Summary Co-phase is a statistic designed for the detection and parameter estimation of signals by detector arrays. Ionospheric motions detected by an array of four phase-path sounders following a large earthquake are found by the co-phase technique to have a phase velocity equal to that of seismic Rayleigh waves of the same period, and to arrive from the direction of the epicentre. The calculation of co-phase for an 80-min sample of data from an 8-element array of microbarographs detects the presence of a signal from a high energy event despite a signal-to-noise ratio of less than unity. Co-phase analysis of acoustic signals generated by the Saturn-Apollo rocket launches indicates that these signals originate at ionospheric heights and propagate in a waveguide between a soundspeed maximum and a steep density gradient in the mesosphere. 相似文献
3.
Yawar?HussainEmail author Frédéric?Satgé Muhammad?Babar?Hussain Hernan?Martinez-Carvajal Marie-Paule?Bonnet Martin?Cárdenas-Soto Henrique?Llacer?Roig Gulraiz?Akhter 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1119-1132
The present study aims at the assessment of six satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) in Pakistan. For each assessed products, both real-time (RT) and post adjusted (Adj) versions are considered to highlight their potential benefits in the rainfall estimation at annual, monthly, and daily temporal scales. Three geomorphological climatic zones, i.e., plain, mountainous, and glacial are taken under considerations for the determination of relative potentials of these SREs over Pakistan at global and regional scales. All SREs, in general, have well captured the annual north-south rainfall decreasing patterns and rainfall amounts over the typical arid regions of the country. Regarding the zonal approach, the performance of all SREs has remained good over mountainous region comparative to arid regions. This poor performance in accurate rainfall estimation of all the six SREs over arid regions has made their use questionable in these regions. Over glacier region, all SREs have highly overestimated the rainfall. One possible cause of this overestimation may be due to the low surface temperature and radiation absorption over snow and ice cover, resulting in their misidentification with rainy clouds as daily false alarm ratio has increased from mountainous to glacial regions. Among RT products, CMORPH-RT is the most biased product. The Bias was almost removed on CMORPH-Adj thanks to the gauge adjustment. On a general way, all Adj versions outperformed their respective RT versions at all considered temporal scales and have confirmed the positive effects of gauge adjustment. CMORPH-Adj and TMPA-Adj have shown the best agreement with in situ data in terms of Bias, RMSE, and CC over the entire study area. 相似文献
4.
Calderon Hernan Santibañez Felipe Silva Jorge F. Ortiz Julián M. Egaña Alvaro 《Mathematical Geosciences》2020,52(5):593-617
Mathematical Geosciences - A weighted compressed sensing (WCS) algorithm is proposed for the problem of channelized facies reconstruction from pixel-based measurements. This strategy integrates... 相似文献
5.
Maria C. Arango Fleur O. Strasser Julian J. Bommer Ruben Boroschek Diana Comte Hernando Tavera 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(1):19-41
Earthquake hazard along the Peru–Chile subduction zone is amongst the highest in the world. The development of a database
of subduction-zone strong-motion recordings is, therefore, of great importance for ground-motion prediction in this region.
Accelerograms recorded by the different networks operators in Peru and Chile have been compiled and processed in a uniform
manner, and information on the source parameters of the causative earthquakes, fault-plane geometries and local site conditions
at the recording stations has been collected and reviewed to obtain high-quality metadata. The compiled database consists
of 98 triaxial ground-motion recordings from 15 subduction-type events with moment magnitudes ranging from 6.3 to 8.4, recorded
at 59 different sites in Peru and Chile, between 1966 and 2007. While the database presented in this study is not sufficient
for the derivation of a new predictive equation for ground motions from subduction events in the Peru–Chile region, it significantly
expands the global database of strong-motion data and associated metadata that can be used in the derivation of predictive
equations for subduction environments. Additionally, the compiled database will allow the assessment of existing predictive
models for subduction-type events in terms of their suitability for the Peru–Chile region, which directly influences seismic
hazard assessment in this region. 相似文献
6.
Andrew M. Moore Hernan G. ArangoGregoire Broquet Chris EdwardsMilena Veneziani Brian PowellDave Foley James D. DoyleDan Costa Patrick Robinson 《Progress in Oceanography》2011,91(1):50-73
The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation systems have been systematically applied to the mesoscale circulation environment of the California Current to demonstrate the performance and practical utility of the various components of ROMS 4D-Var. In particular, we present a comparison of three approaches to 4D-Var, namely: the primal formulation of the incremental strong constraint approach; the dual formulation “physical-space statistical analysis system”; and the dual formulation indirect representer approach. In agreement with theoretical considerations all three approaches converge to the same ocean circulation estimate when using the same observations and prior information. However, the rate of convergence of the dual formulation was found to be inferior to that of the primal formulation. Other aspects of the 4D-Var performance that relate to the use of multiple outer-loops, preconditioning, and the weak constraint are also explored. A systematic evaluation of the impact of the various components of the 4D-Var control vector (i.e. the initial conditions, surface forcing and open boundary conditions) is also presented. It is shown that correcting for uncertainties in the model initial conditions exerts the largest influence on the ability of the model to fit the available observations. Various important diagnostics of 4D-Var are also examined, including estimates of the posterior error, the information content of the observation array, and innovation-based consistency checks on the prior error assumptions. Using these diagnostic tools, we find that more than 90% of the observations assimilated into the model provide redundant information. This is a symptom of the large percentage of satellite data that are used and to some extent the nature of the data processing employed. This is the second in a series of three papers describing the ROMS 4D-Var systems. 相似文献
7.
The option for surface forcing correction, recently developed in the 4D-variational (4DVAR) data assimilation systems of the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), is presented. Assimilation of remotely-sensed (satellite sea surface height anomaly and sea surface temperature) and in situ (from mechanical and expendable bathythermographs, Argo floats and CTD profiles) oceanic observations has been applied in a realistic, high resolution configuration of the California Current System (CCS) to sequentially correct model initial conditions and surface forcing, using the Incremental Strong constraint version of ROMS-4DVAR (ROMS-IS4DVAR). Results from both twin and real data experiments are presented where it is demonstrated that ROMS-IS4DVAR always reduces the difference between the model and the observations that are assimilated. However, without corrections to the surface forcing, the assimilation of surface data can degrade the temperature structure at depth. When using surface forcing adjustment in ROMS-IS4DVAR the system does not degrade the temperature structure at depth, because differences between the model and surface observations can be reduced through corrections to surface forcing rather than to temperature at depth. However, corrections to surface forcing can generate abnormal spatial and temporal variability in the structure of the wind stress or surface heat flux fields if not properly constrained. This behavior can be partially controlled via the choice of decorrelation length scales that are assumed for the forcing errors. Abnormal forcing corrections may also arise due to the effects of model error which are not accounted for in IS4DVAR. In particular, data assimilation tends to weaken the alongshore wind stress in an attempt to reduce the rate of coastal upwelling, which seems to be too strong due to other sources of error. However, corrections to wind stress and surface heat flux improve systematically the ocean state analyses. Trends in the correction of surface heat fluxes indicate that, given the ocean model used and its potential limitations, the heat flux data from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) used to impose surface conditions in the model are generally too low except in spring-summer, in the upwelling region, where they are too high. Comparisons with independent data provide confidence in the resulting forecast ocean circulation on timescales ～14 days, with less than 1.5 °C, 0.3 psu, and 9 cm RMS error in temperature, salinity and sea surface height anomaly, respectively, compared to observations. 相似文献
8.
银沙银矿(Silver Sand silver deposit)是玻利维亚锡矿带内新探明的一个超大型中硫型浅成低温热液银矿床,已探明银金属资源量约1万t,平均银品位约120 g/t,并伴有少量铅、锌、铟、镓.银矿化与中新世中酸性侵入岩和次火山岩有关.矿体赋存于白垩系蚀变褪色石英砂岩中的密集构造裂隙带内.成矿作用可以划分... 相似文献
9.
One hundred and three samples of granitic rock taken systematically from the Andean part of Colombia reveal that the observed variation in phosphorus content reflects the variation observed for the wholerock chemical composition. This relationship was established using a form of trend analysis termed COMTRENA and information-theory statistics. 相似文献
10.
Model evaluation experiments in the North Atlantic Basin: simulations in nonlinear terrain-following coordinates 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Dale B. Haidvogel Hernan G. Arango Kate Hedstrom Aike Beckmann Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli Alexander F. Shchepetkin 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2000,32(3-4)
A primitive equation ocean circulation model in nonlinear terrain-following coordinates is applied to a decadal-length simulation of the circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the stretched sigma coordinate, novel features of the model include the utilization of a weakly dissipative, third-order scheme for tracer advection, and a conservative and constancy-preserving time-stepping algorithm. The objectives of the study are to assess the quality of the new terrain-following model in the limit of realistic basin-scale simulations, and to compare the results obtained with it against those of other North Atlantic models used in recent multi-model comparison studies.The new model is able to reproduce many features of both the wind-driven and thermohaline circulation, and to do so within error bounds comparable with prior model simulations (e.g., CME and DYNAMO). Quantitative comparison with comparable results obtained with the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Model (MICOM) show our terrain-following solutions are of similar overall quality when viewed against known measures of merit including meridional overturning and heat flux, Florida Straits and Gulf Stream transport, seasonal cycling of temperature and salinity, and upper ocean currents and tracer fields in the eastern North Atlantic Basin. Sensitivity studies confirm that the nonlinear vertical coordinate contributes significantly to model fidelity, and that the global inventories and spatial structure of the tracer fields are affected in important ways by the choice of lateral advection scheme. 相似文献