The behavior of calcareous sand under repeated impact considerably differs from that of silica sand. Notably, calcareous sand is important in engineering projects in the South China Sea, such as pile driving. To understand the behavior of calcareous sand under multiple impacts, the improved split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system was selected for one-dimensional impact tests of silica and calcareous sand with particle sizes of 0.25–0.50 mm. The sand specimens were impacted 1, 3, 7 and 10 times. The test results reveal that the dynamic apparent stiffness of silica sand is approximately 6–8 times that of calcareous sand. The dynamic apparent modulus values of the two sands increase with an increase in the number of impacts, N. For calcareous sand, the compression index Cc decreases with an increase in N, and silica sand shows the opposite trend. The yield pressure pc of calcareous sand under impact loading is approximately 40% of that of silica sand. With an increase in N, the energy absorption capacity, energy dissipation rate and damage variables of the two sands exhibit a downward trend. In addition, the energy absorption efficiency of calcareous sand is better than that of silica sand. During the process of impact, a large number of sand particles will break, and particle breakage will change the particle size distribution (PSD), thereby significantly affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the corresponding soil. Based on the test results and fractal theory, an evolution model is established to characterize the PSD evolution in the breakage state for uniformly graded calcareous sand. Moreover, a Markov chain model is proposed to describe the PSD evolution of nonuniformly graded specimens. The predicted results of both models show agreement with the experimental values.
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1.
Characteristics of mineral element content of alpine vegetation
in permafrost region on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The content characteristics of 16 elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 23 plant species
collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were investigated using ICP-OES. Results show that the average
contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe and P were higher than 1,000 mg/kg, those of Al, Na, Zn and Cr ranged between 10–1,000 mg/kg and
those of Cu, Li, Pb and Mo were less than 10 mg/kg. The levels of Al, Ca, K, Mg and Na were within the scope of the reported
terrestrial plant element content, those of Sr, Fe and Cr were higher than the average of the terrestrial plants and the maximum
content of Mn was higher than the upper limit of the reported Mn content. The main character of the element content was of the
Ca>K type, however, in terms of Cyperaceae species the element content character was K>Ca type. The contents of Ca, Li, Mg
and Sr in Gramineae and Cyperaceae species were higher than those in other species and the contents of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, P, Al and
Na in all collected plants were higher than those of other elements. Zn had weak variability with the lowest coefficient (i.e.,
7.81%), while other elements had strong variability. The ratio of maximum content to minimum content indicated Ca and K had
less change than other elements in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region. Element content of alpine vegetation in the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region mainly shows a positive correlation, among which the correlation coefficient between
Al and Pb, Al and Fe, Mo and Cr, Pb and Fe, Sr and Li were higher than 0.9, and negative correlation had no statistical significance.
The correlation between Al and Fe, Mg, Mn in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region were consistent with that reported
in Kunlun Mountains. 相似文献
2.
1：20万佛平幅区调建立的王家楞组由于原认为该处为一背斜构造，一直被当做凤太地区泥盆系最低层位沿用至今。近年，经1：5万区域地质调查发现，该组上段（D2ωb）是其下段（D2ωa）的下伏层位，从而导致该区构造框架发生了“翻天覆地”的变化：即原王家楞背斜实际是一倒扇形复式向斜。据此，王家得组被解体为3部分：其下段被厘定为夹山沟组（Cij），上段上部被划归星红铺组（D3x），上段下部被划归九里坪组（D3j）。 相似文献
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4.
青海省东昆仑成矿带铁矿成矿规律与找矿方向研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东昆仑成矿带位于西域板块南缘活动带与华南板块接合部位,属昆祁秦缝合系的昆仑缝合带。区内由昆北、昆中及昆南三条呈近东西向到北西西向平行展布的区域深大断裂,构成东昆仑复杂的构造格局,由此划分出三大构造成矿单元,即东昆仑北带、中带、南带。这三条大断裂均为切穿地壳或岩石圈的区域性长期活动深大断裂,不仅构成各地质单元的边界和控制岩浆岩分布,也控制了东昆仑隆起、凹陷带沉积盆地及沉积建造的展布,与次级北西、北北西向和北东向断裂一起,把不同时代地层和部分岩体切割成规模不等的断块(条),同时不同级次的断裂构造作为成矿的导矿场和储矿场,为各类矿床的形成提供了良好的迁移通道和赋存空间。该区地层主要集中发育在前寒武纪、早古生界奥陶―志留纪、晚古生代石炭―二叠纪、中生界三叠纪及新生代几个时间段中。在区域分布上,昆中、昆北带出露地层较相近,昆南带与昆北和昆中带有显著差异,反映为不同地层分区。岩浆活动非常强烈而频繁,分布亦十分广泛,主要分布在昆仑山北坡断隆带和祁漫塔格地区,在昆仑山主脊形成著名的东昆仑山花岗岩带,昆仑山南坡出露少量中酸侵入岩。岩浆活动始于元古代,止于新生代,表现为间歇性的火山喷发与岩浆侵入频繁交替。岩性从基性、超基性到酸性均有出露。主要活动时代为加里东期、华力西期,其次为印支期、燕山期;兴凯期和前兴凯期主要以少量基性、超基性喷流活动。东昆仑成矿带是青海重要成矿带之一,东昆仑成矿带侵入岩、褶皱、断裂构造发育,岩浆活动频繁强烈,成矿地质条件十分优越,具有较大找矿潜力。该带也是青海省主要的工业矿床集中分布的地区,储量大,品位较高,矿产地集中,同时共伴生的多金属矿床也往往具有一定的规模。尤其是矽卡岩型和沉积变质型铁矿的绝大多数储量都集中在本带。铁矿床成因类型复杂多样,主要有与火山喷流沉积有关的喷流——沉积、热液交代变质改造型,沉积变质型和矽卡岩型,具备大型——超大型矿床的成矿条件。矿床多沿昆北、昆中和昆南深大断裂带分布,与次级构造及岩浆岩体关系密切。东昆仑西段是重要的大——超大型矿床找矿远景区,中段具有沉积变质型铁矿找矿前景,东段则是矽卡岩型铁矿床聚集区。该带铁矿资源量占全省的75.51%,铁矿共、伴生有用组分较多,可综合利用。接触交代型铁矿是目前开发的重点,此类型矿石质量较好,TFe品位一般在35%～55%,有害杂质硫、磷一般低于工业要求。特别是都兰、野马泉地区的铁矿多共、伴生有铅、锌、铜、金、银、锡、钴、铋、镉、硫铁矿等有益元素,需综合开发利用。由于共、伴生组分可综合利用,极大地提高了开发价值。 相似文献
5.
双河横江地区位于四川盆地边缘。区域内存在两个与地层有关的地球化学背景场,烃类指标与△Ｃ、Ｈｇ、Ｆｅ２＋等非烃指标异常间具有明显不同的配套组合关系。各指标综合化探异常特征和指标间组合关系对测区油气分布、保存情况进行评价,指出两处属构造泄漏泄压区及四个有利远景区,评价结果为下一步钻探部署具有指导意义。 相似文献
6.
爆发性气旋发展中斜压强迫与潜热释放作用的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用一个六层原始方程模式对五例爆发性气旋的发展进行了数值试验,试验结果表明：斜压强迫是气旋爆发性发展的基本因子,而潜热释放的重要性则有较大差异。潜热释放的作用主要集中在两个方面：一是对低层的直接增暖,加强了上升运动;二是对局地斜压性的加强,促进了锋面、槽脊系统的发展,而这两者均有利于气旋的发展。 相似文献
7.
吸附烃是油气化探的主要指标之一，它直接反映从油气藏运移出来的烃类气体。应用吸附烃法找地下油气藏应排除地层、地形、地貌景观的干扰异常。不同地层上方土壤中吸附烃含量变化可能与地层沉积时间、沉积环境有关；不同地形、地貌景观下土壤中吸附烃含量异则是由于地化环境（ｐＨ值等）所致。消除这些干扰因素的最简单方法是分区统计背景值，或者用不同异常下限或用衬度值圈定异常。经校正后的异常能更真实可靠地反映油气藏，已在四 相似文献
8.
9.
OuYang Haoran Dai Guoliang Qin Wei Zhang Chengfeng Zhu Wenbo Gong Weiming 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(9):3927-3946
10.
利用1959—2012年湘潭3个观测站资料,采用线性倾向估计、普查分析等方法,研究了湘潭市大雾的时空分布特征并将大雾发生的天气形势进行分类。结果表明:全市大雾年平均日数为18.9天,辖区内湘乡最多(25.7天),韶山最少(11.8天)。所辖3站的大雾日数整体均呈逐年增加的趋势,变化速率在1.13天/10a~2.42天/10a,1977—2002年为大雾多发时期;20世纪90年代以前每年代以4~6天的趋势递增,进入21世纪后年大雾日数呈下降趋势。湘潭连续大雾天气过程最长持续时间为12 d,80%的连续大雾为2 d。低空有下沉逆温、地面有辐射逆温,是连续大雾产生的重要条件。形成大雾的500 h Pa形势场特征主要有NW型(槽后西北气流型),SW—NW型(低槽过境型),W型(持续平直气流型),SW型(槽前西南气流型),NW—W型(由脊转槽型)等5种;地面形势主要有两种类型:一种是地面上受小高压控制或处于均匀场中,另一种为地面高压底后部、低压倒槽中或弱冷锋前。 相似文献
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