Verification of Carbon Sink Assessment: Can We Exclude Natural Sinks?     

Georgii Alexandrov  Yoshiki Yamagata 《Climatic change》2004,67(2):437-447

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Bemerkungen zu den «Januar-Singularitäten» der Konzentration atmosphärischer Gefrierkerne     

Priv.-Doz. Dr. Hans-Walter Georgii 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1959,44(1):249-256

Zusammenfassung Messungen der Gefrierkernkonzentration während der Jahre 1957 und 1958 zeigten im Verlauf des Monats Januar markante Spitzenwerte, die zeitlich mit den vonE.G. Bowen vorhergesagten Maxima übereinstimmten. Da es große Schwierigkeiten bereitet, das Auftreten dieser Maxima durch die «Meteorstaubhypothese» zu erklären, wird auf Umstellungen der Zirkulation der Atmosphäre im Januar hingewiesen, die möglicherweise diese Schwankungen der Gefrierkernkonzentration auslösen können.

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Summary Investigations on freezing nuclei show characteristic anomalies of the concentration during January 1957 and 1958. These anomalies fit in the schedule predicted byE.G. Bowen for the occurrence of high values of freezing nuclei. Since the explanation on the basis of the meteor-dust theory appears difficult, fluctuations of the atmospheric circulation during January may be responsible for the peak-values of the freezing nuclei concentration.

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The research reported in this article has been sponsored and supported in part by the Geophysics Research Directorate, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, ARDC, under contract AF 61 (514)-927 through the European Office, ARDC.  相似文献   

Thermodynamik und Kinematik des Kaltluftföhns     

Prof Dr. W. Georgii 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1967,16(2-3):137-152

Zusammenfassung Unter Zugrundelegung der Theorie des südalpinen Föhns vonH. Ficker werden der Kaltluftföhn der argentinischen Kordillere, der Polarluftföhn des Tessins und die Bora der mittleren Apenninen behandelt. Drei Phasen kennzeichnen den Kordillerenföhn. Eingeleitet durch Tropikluftföhn folgen Polar- und Antarktikluftföhn; erst der letztere dringt bis zur Niederung durch. Der Kaltluftföhn des Tessins wird entsprechend der Theorie vonH. Ficker durch die instabile Phase der abgehobenen Warmluft eingeleitet, auf die der Absturz der Kaltluft in die Niederung erfolgt. Die Tramontana der Apenninen zeigt in ihrer Hauptphase einen ausgeprägten Tropopausentrichter mit sehr niedriger Tropopause. Kinematisch ist wichtig, daß die stationäre Leewellenströmung des Polarluftföhns und noch ausgeprägter die Tramontana häufiger hochreichende Stratosphärenwellen entwickeln können.

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Summary TakingFicker's theory of the South-Alpine foehn as a base the author investigates the cold air foehn of the Argentine Cordillera, the polar air foehn of Ticino (Switzerland) and the bora of the Central Apennines. Three phases characterize the foehn of the Cordillera. After the initiation by tropical air foehn the phases of polar air and antarctic air foehn follow and only the last named can penetrate to the bottom of the valleys. The cold air foehn of Ticino is initiated in accordance to the theory ofFicker by the instable phase of the lifted warm air which is followed by the downfall of the cold air to the valley. The tramontana of the Apennines in its main phase shows a pronounced tropopause funnel with extremely low tropopause. From the point of kinematics it is important that the stationary lee-wave flow of the polar air foehn and, still more pronounced, of the tramontana frequently can develop high reaching stratospheric waves.

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Résumé En partant de la théorie établie parH. Ficker pour le foehn au sud des Alpes, on examine le foehn d'air froid de la Cordillère argentine, le foehn d'air polaire au Tessin et la Bora des Apennins moyens. Trois phases caractérisent le foehn de la Cordillère. Il débute par un afflux d'air tropical suivi par de l'air polaire, puis par de l'air arctique. Ce n'est que ce dernier courant de foehn qui pénètre jusque dans les vallées. Le foehn d'air froid du Tessin débute, selon la théorie deFicker, par la phase instable de l'air chaud soulevé. Ce n'est qu'ensuite que cet air froid se précipite dans les vallées. La Tramontane des Apennins est accompagnée dans sa phase principale d'une sorte d'entonnoir dans la tropopause qui s'abaisse alors fortement. Il est important de retenir, du point de vue cinématique, ques les ondulations stationnaires sous le vent du foehn d'air polaire, et encore plus de la tramontane, peuvent souvent développer des ondes atteignant de grandes altitudes dans la stratosphère.

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Mit 15 Textabbildungen  相似文献   

Untersuchung über den Luftaustausch zwischen Wohnräumen und Außenluft     

Hans-Walter Georgii 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1954,5(2):191-214

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The ocean as source or sink of reactive trace-gases     

H. W. Georgii  G. Gravenhorst 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(3):503-511

Summary After a brief review on recent experimental work on the uptake resp release of SO₂ and NH₃ by the ocean, new results on the distribution of these reactive trace-gases in the marine atmosphere are presented. In the case of SO₂ there is no doubt that the ocean acts as a sink. In the case of NH₃ new observations and calculations show that under certain conditions the ocean may be a NH₃ source.  相似文献   

Verification of Carbon Sink Assessment: Can We Exclude Natural Sinks?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Georgii?AlexandrovEmail author  Yoshiki?Yamagata 《Climatic change》2004,67(2-3):437-447

Any human-induced terrestrial sink is susceptible to the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, nitrogen deposition, climate variability and other natural or indirect human-induced factors. It has been suggested in climate negotiations that the effects of these factors should be excluded from estimates of carbon sequestration used to meet the emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. This paper focuses on the methodologies for factoring out the effects of atmospheric and climate variability/change. We estimate the relative magnitude of the non-human induced effects by using two biosphere models and discuss possibilities for narrowing estimate uncertainty.  相似文献   

The pairwise velocity difference of over 2000 BHB stars in the Milky Way halo     

Xiang-Xiang Xue  Hans-Walter Rixm  Gang Zhao 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(11)

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Forest cover: setting targets for the future     

Georgii A Alexandrov 《Carbon balance and management》2011,6(1):12

The International Year of Forests, declared by the UN, is a good occasion to discuss approaches to reducing forest degradation in developing countries. The articles collected in Thematic Forest Series form a diversity of ideas which is essential for setting the levels below which the countries' reduced emissions could be measured and credited. This editorial calls attention to the use of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change models.  相似文献   

An investigation into the properties of atmospheric freezing nuclei and sea-salt nuclei under maritime conditions at the West Coast of Ireland     

H. -W. Georgii  A. I. Metnieks 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):159-176

Summary Parallel measurements of the concentration of freezing nuclei and sea-salt particles carried out on the west coast of Ireland during summer 1958 to study the activity of sea-salt particles in the process of ice-nucleation of supercooled clouds are described and discussed. The results indicate that the concentration of freezing nuclei, active above –30°C, has no relationship to that of the sea-salt particles. A pronounced increase of the freezing nucleus concentration was observed during advection from the mainland showing that even under maritime conditions the most active freezing nuclei are particles of continental origin.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird über parallele Messungen der Gefrierkerne und der Seesalzkerne berichtet, die im Sommer 1958 an der irischen Westküste durchgeführt wurden, um die Wirkung der Seesalzkerne für den Gefrierprozess in unterkühlten Wolken zu studieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen der Konzentration der im Temperaturbereich zwischen 0°C und –30°C aktiven Gefrierkerne und den Seesalzkernen keinerlei Beziehung besteht. Eine starke Erhöhung der Gefrierkernzahl bei Advektion von Aerosolen vom Festland deutet an, dass auch unter maritimen Bedingungen, Teilchen kontinentaler Herkunft besonders aktive Gefrierkerne sind.

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Dedicated to Senior ProfessorL. W. Pollak, Ph. D., M.R.I.A. on his seventieth birthday.

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The research reported in this article has been sponsored and supported in part by the Geophysics Research Directorate of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center. Air Research and Development Command, United States Air Force, under Contracts AF 61(052)-26 and AF 61(514)-927, through the European Office, ARDC in Brussels.  相似文献   

Contribution to the atmospheric NH3 budget   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. -W. Georgii  U. Lenhard 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):385-392

The paper deals with recent measurements of NH₃ applying an improved Indophenolblue method after Bertheolot. Aircraft measurements show a marked difference of the absolute concentration of NH₃ between summer and winter. This seasonal difference indicates the effectiveness of biogenic NH₃ sources during the summer months. Quantitative analysis of the source strength of different soils show the influence of the temperature at the ground and of the pH-value of the soil. The main sources of NH₃ are continental, but microbiological activity in the soil alone cannot fully explain the NH₃ flux into the atmosphere.  相似文献