Contrasting regional discharge evolutions in the Amazon basin (1974–2004)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jhan Carlo Espinoza Villar  Jean Loup Guyot  Josyane Ronchail  Grard Cochonneau  Naziano Filizola  Pascal Fraizy  David Labat  Eurides de Oliveira  Juan Julio Ordoez  Philippe Vauchel 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,375(3-4):297-311

Former hydrological studies in the Amazon Basin generally describe annual discharge variability on the main stem. However, the downstream Amazon River only represents the mean state of the Amazonian hydrological system. This study therefore uses a new data set including daily discharge in 18 sub-basins to analyze the variability of regional extremes in the Amazon basin, after recalling the diversity of the hydrological annual cycles within the Amazon basin. Several statistical tests are applied in order to detect trends and breaks in the time series. We show that during the 1974–2004 period, the stability of the mean discharge on the main stem in Óbidos is explained by opposite regional features that principally involve Andean rivers: a decrease in the low stage runoff, particularly important in the southern regions, and an increase in the high stage runoff in the northwestern region. Both features are observed from the beginning of the nineties. These features are also observed in smaller meridian sub-basins in Peru and Bolivia. Moreover we show that the changes in discharge extremes are related to the regional pluriannual rainfall variability and the associated atmospheric circulation as well as to tropical large-scale climatic indicators.  相似文献   

Measuring and modeling vertical gradients in suspended sediments in the Solimões/Amazon River          下载免费PDF全文

E. Armijos  A. Crave  R. Espinoza  P. Fraizy  A.L.M.R. Dos Santos  F. Sampaio  E. De Oliveira  W. Santini  J.M. Martinez  P. Autin  N. Pantoja  M. Oliveira  N. Filizola 《水文研究》2017,31(3):654-667

Accurately measuring sediment flux in large rivers remains a challenge due to the spatial and temporal cross‐sectional variability of suspended sediment concentrations in conjunction with sampling procedures that fail to accurately quantify these differences. This study presents a field campaign methodology that can be used to improve the measurement of suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River or similarly large rivers. The turbidity signal and Rouse model are together used in this study to define the spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentrations in a river cross‐section, taking into account the different size fractions of the sediment. With this methodology, suspended sediment fluxes corresponding to each sediment class are defined with less uncertainty than with manual samples. This paper presents an application of this methodology during a field campaign at different gauging stations along a 3,000‐km stretch of the Solimões/Amazon River during low water and flood periods. Vertical concentration profiles and Rouse model applications for distinctive sediment sizes are explored to determine concentration gradients throughout a cross‐section of the river. The results show that coupling both turbidity technology and the Rouse model may improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of different sediments fractions sizes in the Solimões/Amazon River. These data are very useful in defining a pertinent monitoring strategy for suspended sediment concentrations in the challenging context of large rivers.  相似文献   

Epidemiological analysis of malaria and its relationships with hydrological variables in four municipalities of the State of Amazonas,Brazil     

Bruna Raquel Wolfarth  Naziano Filizola  Wanderli Pedro Tadei  Laurent Durieux 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1495-1504

Abstract

This work comprises a spatial, temporal and statistical analysis of the epidemiology of malaria occurrence in four municipalities of the State of Amazonas, Brazil: Coari, Codajás, Manacapuru and Manaus, for the period 2003–2009. The number of malaria cases, precipitation, water level and temperature data were analysed in this study. The strength of the relationship between these hydrological/meteorological variables and the occurrence of malaria was determined by employing the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Seasonal peaks of malaria were registered, on average, about 1–2 months before the annual maximum temperature and after the river’s seasonal high-water level. The phenomenon called repiquete (notable variations in the water level) was observed during periods of between 9 and 56 days. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between malaria, temperature, precipitation and water level. Temperature influenced malaria occurrence the least, while rainfall was the most important factor, especially in the municipality of Coari. Water level had an important influence on the records of malarial occurrence in the municipality of Manacapuru.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Wolfarth, B.R., Filizola, N., Tadei, W.P., and Durieux, L., 2013. Epidemiological analysis of malaria and its relationships with hydrological variables in four municipalities of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1495–1504.  相似文献