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1.
The solution of two-dimensional problem of an interface breaking long inclined dip-slip fault in two welded half-spaces is
well known. The purpose of this note is to obtain the corresponding solution for a blind fault. The solution is valid for
arbitrary values of the fault-depth and the dip angle. Graphs showing the variation of the displacement field with the distance
from the fault, for different values of fault depth and dip angle are presented. Contour maps showing the stress field around
a long dip-slip fault are also obtained 相似文献
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3.
Sunita R. Shah Gesine Mollenhauer Timothy I. Eglinton 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(18):4577-4594
Understanding the supply and preservation of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in marine sediments helps inform their use in paleoceanography. Compound-specific radiocarbon measurements of sedimentary alkenones from multiple environments have been used to gain insight into processes that affect paleotemperature reconstructions. Similar analyses are warranted to investigate how analogous processes affecting GDGTs impact TEX86 paleotemperatures. Here we present radiocarbon measurements on individual GDGTs from Bermuda Rise and Santa Monica Basin sediments and discuss the results in the context of previous studies of co-depositional alkenones and foraminifera. The 14C contents of GDGTs and planktonic foraminifera in Bermuda Rise are very similar, suggesting a local source; and TEX86-derived temperatures agree more closely with foraminiferal temperatures than do temperatures. In contrast, GDGTs in Santa Monica Basin are depleted in 14C relative to both alkenones and foraminifera, and TEX86 temperatures agree poorly with known surface water values. We propose three possible factors that could explain these results: (i) GDGTs may be labile relative to alkenones during advective transport through oxic waters; (ii) archaeal production deep in the water column may contribute 14C-depleted GDGTs to sediments; and (iii) some GDGTs also may derive from sedimentary archaeal communities. Each of these three processes is likely to occur with varying relative importance depending on geographic location. The latter two may help to explain why TEX86 temperature reconstructions from Santa Monica Basin do not appear to reflect actual sea surface temperatures. Terrigenous GDGTs are unlikely to be major contributors to Bermuda Rise or Santa Monica Basin sediments, based on values of the BIT index. The results also indicate that the crenarchaeol regioisomer is governed by processes different from other GDGTs. Individual measurements of the crenarchaeol regioisomer are significantly depleted in 14C relative to co-occurring GDGTs, indicating an alternative origin for this compound that presently remains unknown. Re-examination of the contribution of crenarchaeol regioisomer to the TEX86 index shows that it is a significant influence on the sensitivity of temperature reconstructions. 相似文献
4.
Sunita Mukherjee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1969,72(1):45-50
Summary Stresses produced due to a moving load over the plane surface (supposed to be rough) of a semi-infinite transversely isotropic medium have been calculated in this paper. 相似文献
5.
Sunita Mukherjee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1968,70(1):39-46
Summary By using the Laplace transform method, solution has been obtained for the elastodynamic problem due to blast pulse on the inner surface of a spherical cavity in an infinite spherically aeolotropic elastic solid. Both types of blast producing radial and rotational waves have been considered. 相似文献
6.
The Biot linearized quasi-static theory of fluid-infiltrated porous materials is used to formulate the problem of the two-dimensional
plane strain deformation of a multi-layered poroelastic half-space by surface loads. The Fourier-Laplace transforms of the
stresses, displacements, pore pressure and fluid flux in each homogeneous layer of the multi-layered half-space are expressed
in terms of six arbitrary constants. Generalized Thomson-Haskell matrix method is used to obtain the deformation field. Simplified
explicit expressions for the elements of the 6 × 6 propagator matrix for the poroelastic medium are obtained. As an example
of the possible applications of the analytical formulation developed, formal solution is given for normal strip loading, normal
line loading and shear line loading. 相似文献
7.
Spatial information on snow wetness content (SWC) is important for hydrology, climatology applications. Limited work is available on estimation of SWC using optical sensors. In present work, spectral signature characteristics of snow (~145 samples) acquired in winters of three years, using field spectral-radiometer (350–2500 nm) were correlated with synchronized SWC measurements. Correlation is found stronger in Near-Infra-Red (NIR) and Short-Wave-Infrared (SWIR) regions than Visible (VIS). Spectral peak width at 905 and 1240 nm is found negatively correlated with SWC, while positively correlated at 1025 nm. Asymmetry tends towards right as SWC increases and has stable positive correlations as compared to other characteristics. Sensitivity of widely used snow-related indices to SWC is also analyzed. Based on analysis, new ratio method at selected wavelengths is proposed to discriminate dry and wet snow zones using air/ground borne sensors. Proposed methodology is evaluated on air-borne hyper-spectral (AVIRIS-NG) data and 88% overall accuracy with kappa coefficient 77.6 observed after validation with reference observations. 相似文献
8.
Ravinder Kaur Sunita Rabindranathan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1999,27(4):235-251
Pollution of water resources by sediments eroded from degraded watersheds is a critical concern around the world. Current methods for locating these eroding areas and off-site damage to water resources through visual observations and field sampling with subsequent laboratory analysis are time consuming and expensive. There is thus, a justified interest in developing algorithms for quick estimation of suspended sediment concentrations in large water-bodies from remotely sensed data. This paper presents the results of a ground validation study on characterization and quantification of surface suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in sediment laden water bodies through an n-waveband specific numerical index, total information content. A comparison of SSC-predictive potential of the proposed new index, derived from four broad (100–300 nm) Landsat MSS, five broad (40–300 nm) Landsat TM and eight narrow (20–40 nm) IRS-P4 OCM spectral bands, with that of the conventional (NIR-Red and NIR+Red) indices, computed from the same spectral band data, is also presented. The study reveaied that at SSCs 250 mg/1, the proposed index (derived from either broad / narrow landsat MSS/TM or IRS-P4 OCM spectral data) could lead to SSC predictions (with mean errors within 20%) comparable with those obtained with the conventional indices (derived from the same spectral band data). It could further be observed that, in general, lower sediment concentrations (i.e. SSCs 150 mg/1) were associated with higher prediction inaccuracies. A comparison of the mean errors of predictions associated with the proposed and the conventional (NIR-Red and NIR+Red) indices computed from broad and narrow band data for SSCs 150 mg/I, revealed that an increase in number of wavebands (from 4 MSS to 5 TM or 8 OCM bands) and a decrease in the bandwidth of these wavebands (from broad MSS/ TM bands to narrow OCM bands) led to a significant increase in the prediction accuracy of the proposed new index. These prediction accuracies were observed to be the highest with the proposed index calculated from narrow OCM-P4 spectral data. However this could not be observed with the conventional indices at any of the SSC ranges and with the proposed index at SSCs 250 mg/l. This shows that the lower SSC-predictive potential of proposed index was a significant function of both the number and the bandwidth of spectral bands used for its computation. In fact in one of the cases, lower SSC (150 mg/l) -predictive accuracy of the proposed index was found to be significantly higher than that of the conventional (NIR+R) index. The proposed algorithm could thus compress the information contained in the entire reflectance spectrum of the sediment laden water bodies to their sediment type and concentration specific characteristic values. This characteristic of the proposed index was not shared by any of the conventional indices, based on only two waveband data. In fact the proposed index appears to be the only mean of completely compressing and quantifying the information contained in all the information channels of a narrow band spectrometer (consisting of 200 wavebands) to be shortly launched by ISRO for satellite based inventory of natural resources. 相似文献
9.
Raghavendra Madar Yudh Vir Singh Mahesh Chand Meena Tapas Kumar Das Sunita Gaind Rakesh Kumar Verma 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(3)
Crop residue burning and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cereal–cereal rotations are present ecological threats in any agro‐ecosystem of the world. Therefore, identification of best suitable agricultural practices can be a feasible option. The present experiment was initiated in 2013 and consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha?1) and five potassium (K) levels (0, 50, 100, 150% recommended dose of K and 50%RDK+K solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Crop residue (CR) and K management significantly improve crop and soil quality associated parameters. Among the treatments, maximum increase in crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, quality aspects, and water productivity are recorded with the application of 4–6 Mg ha?1 CR. Application of 50%RDK+KSB also significantly increases crop and soil related parameters. Soil quality indicators (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients) do not vary significantly with CR and K management. Change in soil organic carbon status, soil enzymes, and potassium‐solubilizing bacterial count are significantly increased with 4–6 Mg ha?1 CR and application of 50%RDK+KSB, and this is in accordance with correlation study carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that CR retention (4–6 Mg ha?1) and reduction of inorganic K fertilizer by 50% and inoculation of KSB enhance the soil quality indicators and thereby improve crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, and quality aspects along with water productivity under zero till maize–wheat rotation. 相似文献
10.
The Biot linearized theory of fluid saturated porous materials is used to study the plane strain deformation of a two-phase
medium consisting of a homogeneous, isotropic, poroelastic half-space in welded contact with a homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly
elastic half-space caused by a two-dimensional source in the elastic half-space. The integral expressions for the displacements
and stresses in the two half-spaces in welded contact are obtained from the corresponding expressions for an unbounded elastic
medium by applying suitable boundary conditions at the interface. The case of a long dip-slip fault is discussed in detail.
The integrals for this source are solved analytically for two limiting cases: (i) undrained conditions in the high frequency
limit, and (ii) steady state drained conditions as the frequency approaches zero. It has been verified that the solution for
the drained case (ω → 0) coincides with the known elastic solution. The drained and undrained displacements and stresses are compared graphically.
Diffusion of the pore pressure with time is also studied. 相似文献