Quantitative methods in the earth sciences     

A. F?rster  D. F. Merriarn 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(5):727

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Marine Ingressive Events Recorded in Epicontinental Sequences:Example from the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of NE China in Comparison with the Triassic Central Europe Basin of SW Germany     

WANG Pujun  LIU Wanzhu  YIN Xiuzhen 《东北亚地学研究》2002,(1)

Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta , lacustrine delta, shore ?shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow, lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity ( Sr/Ba) , alkalinity (Ca Mg)/ (Si Al) , reducibility ( Ni Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz ?section to be represen-ted for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratig-raphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Camian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epiconti-nental(cratonic) central Euro  相似文献   

High-pressure eclogites in northern Jiangsu – southern Shandong province, eastern China     

MASAKI ENAMI  QUIJA ZANG  YUJUN YIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(4):589-603

Abstract Eclogites are distributed for more than 500 km along a major tectonic boundary between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons in central and eastern China. These eclogites usually have high-P assemblages including omphacite + kyanite and/or coesite (or its pseudomorph), and form a high-P eclogite terrane. They occur as isolated lenses or blocks 10 cm to 300 m long in gneisses (Type I), serpentinized garnet peridotites (Type II) and marbles (Type III). Type I eclogites were formed by prograde metamorphism, and their primary metamorphic mineral assemblage consists mainly of garnet [pyrope (Prp) = 15–40 mol%], omphacite [jadeite (Jd) = 34–64 mol%], pargasitic amphibole, kyanite, phengitic muscovite, zoisite, an SiO₂ phase, apatite, rutile and zircon. Type II eclogites characteristically contain no SiO₂ phase, and are divided into prograde eclogites and mantle-derived eclogites. The prograde eclogites of Type II are petrographically similar to Type I eclogites. The mantle-derived eclogites have high MgO/(FeO + Fe₂O₃) and Cr₂O₃ compositions in bulk rock and minerals, and consist mainly of pyrope-rich garnet (Prp = 48–60 mol%), sodic augite (Jd = 10–27 mol%) and rutile. Type III eclogites have an unusual mineral assemblage of grossular-rich (Grs = 57 mol%) garnet + omphacite (Jd = 30–34 mol%) + pargasite + rutile. Pargasitic and taramitic amphiboles, calcic plagioclase (An₆₈), epidote, zoisite, K-feldspar and paragonite occur as inclusions in garnet and omphacite in the prograde eclogites. This suggests that the prograde eclogites were formed by recrystallization of epidote amphibolite and/or amphibolite facies rocks with near-isothermal compression reflecting crustal thickening during continent–continent collision of late Proterozoic age. Equilibrium conditions of the prograde eclogites range from P > 26 kbar and T= 500–750°C in the western part to P > 28 kbar and T= 810–880°C in the eastern part of the high-P eclogite terrane. The prograde eclogites in the eastern part are considered to have been derived from a deeper position than those in the western part. Subsequent reactions, manifested by (1) narrow rims of sodic plagioclase or paragonite on kyanite and (2) symplectites between omphacite and quartz are interpreted as an effect of near-isothermal decompression during the retrograde stage. The conditions at which symplectites re-equilibrated tend to increase from west (P < 10 kbar and T < 580°C) to east (P > 9 kbar and T > 680°C). Equilibrium temperatures of Type II mantle-derived eclogites and Type III eclogite are 730–750°C and 680°C, respectively.  相似文献   

SOHM-4与MHM-2010氢原子频标的特点比较     

梁双有  任燕  尹学玉 《时间频率学报》2005,28(1):61-67

基于对已投入国家授时中心守时运转的SOHM-4型与MHM-2010型氢原子频标的长期关注,对这两种氢原子频标的性能作了较详细的比较和分析。讨论了它们共同的优点、各自的特长和不足之处,还给出了稳定度的测试结果。  相似文献   

An Example of Island-Arc Petrogenesis: Geochemistry and Petrology of the Southern Luzon Arc, Philippines   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

DEFANT  MARC J.; MAURY  REN? C.; RIPLEY  EDWARD M.; FEIGENSON  MARK D.; JACQUES  DARIO 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(3):455-500

Volcanism throughout the Luzon arc is associated with eastwardsubduction of the South China Sea floor along the Manila Trench.The southern section of the arc, the focus of this study, extendsfrom the Lingayen-Dingalan fault to the small islands just southof Luzon. Two segments appear to exist along this section ofthe arc the northern Bataan and southern Mindoro segments whichare separated by the Macolod Corridor. The volcanic rocks have typical arc phenocryst mineralogies:olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and titanomagnetite inthe most mafic rocks and clinopyroxene, plagioclase, orthopyroxene,titanomagnetite, ? amphibole in the more felsic samples. Complexzoning, sieve textures, and decoupling of incompatible traceelements suggest that processes such as assimilation have takenplace. The rocks from the study area range from basalts to rhyolitesand show typical calc-alkaline features. The rocks of the MacolodCorridor and Mindoro segment are particularly enriched in largeion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE),and radiogenic Sr compared with the Bataan segment. The datafall within the mantle array on Sr-Nd isotopic diagrams andgrade toward higher Sr and lower Nd isotopic values from northto south. A likely source for the volcanics of this study is either amid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type mantle that undergoes higherdegrees of partial melting than regions involved in MORB generationor a previously depleted source. We suggest that the high fieldstrength element (HFSE) anomalies have been derived throughdifferential element partitioning during fluid transport fromthe subducted lithosphere to the mantle wedge. Continental crustal material seems to play a significant roleparticularly in the Macolod Corridor and the Mindoro segment,based on the high LILE, La/Sm ratios, radiogenic Sr isotopes,and ¹⁸O values. The Macolod Corridor and the Mindoro segmenthave undergone source contamination by crustal material fromthe North Palawan-Mindoro crustal block either during the collisionof this block with the Manila Trench or by subduction of sedimentsrich in this crustal material. A similar component has alsobeen detected in the Bataan segment but in minor amounts. Thetrace element and isotopic differences between the northernand southern sections of the arc are interpreted in terms ofvariable composition (i. e., variable amounts of a crustal componentintroduced from the Palawan-Mindoro crustal terrain) of themetasomatic fluids released into the source.  相似文献   

Modeling of water–rock interactions in an aquitard of sandy clay in the coastal area near Beihai,China     

Zhou?XunEmail author  Yao?Jinmei  Zhang?Hua  Li?Rui  Xu?Fang 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(1):183-188

Unconsolidated sand, gravel and clay deposits near Beihai and in the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China form an unconfined aquifer, aquitard and a confined aquifer. Water and soil samples were collected from the two aquifers in the coastal Beihai area for the determination of chemical compositions, minerals and soluble ions. Hydrogeochemical modeling of three flow paths through the aquitard are carried out using PHREEQC to determine water–rock interactions along the flow paths. The results indicate that the dissolution of anorthite, fluorite, halite, rhodochrosite and CO₂, and precipitation of potash feldspar and kaolinite may be occurring when groundwater leaks through the aquitard from the unconfined aquifer to the confined aquifer. Cation exchanges between Na and Ca can also happen along the flow paths.  相似文献   

青海祁漫塔格地区斑岩铜矿的成矿条件和远景   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

何书跃  祁兰英  舒树兰  尹和珍  何寿福  景向阳 《地质与勘探》2008,44(2):14-22

文章对青海祁漫塔格地区斑岩铜矿成矿带的成矿地质条件进行了研究,其形成于造山带汇聚阶段中后期的活动陆缘环境,与驱龙斑岩铜矿对比具有相类似的成矿地质条件,找矿远景很大.特别是卡而却卡、乌兰乌珠尔、鸭子沟、尕怒大门等地区具有斑岩铜矿成矿的广阔前景,有希望找到新的大型超大型铜矿床.通过对乌兰乌珠尔矿床的解剖,该矿区构造裂隙发育,岩石蚀变强烈.具典型的"斑岩型"蚀变分带:由中心向外依次为强硅化带??硅化钾化带??绢英岩化带??青磐岩化带.成矿元素以铜为主,伴有铅、锌、锡等多种有用组分.岩浆岩、热液蚀变作用、热液运移和矿质沉淀的构造空间控制了矿床的产出.为进一步在该区找矿指明了方向.  相似文献   

贡嘎山海螺沟冰川径流水文规律的同位素示踪研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

尹观  王小丹  高志友  闫秋实  黄艺 《冰川冻土》2008,30(3):365-372

应用同位素地球化学的基本原理和示踪技术, 对贡嘎山海螺沟冰川河源区和干流的不同区段, 不同时域径流的组成特点及其水文动态变化规律进行分析研究.结果表明: 贡嘎山海螺沟冰川河源区水的组成, 不同季节、不同时段(早、晚)有明显的变化. 夏季晚上的水大约有82.4%是来自冰川区的水, 17.6%为非冰川区的径流; 早晨中的水来自冰川区的占74.6%, 非冰川区径流占25.4%. 冰川消融水的最大可占总水量的6.9%～7.8%左右. 在冬季时段, 冰舌末端排泄水(BCH-1)和冰川水文站(HLG-6)径流的同位素组成均低于底部冰川冰(BCB-2: -16.639‰), 显示出严重同位素不平衡的特点, 反映了冬季底部冰川消融水在源区水(BCH-1)中的贡献已达很低的程度, 而代之以冰川上部占主导优势的雨雪水. 这意味着在冬季当地冰川的退缩速度与夏季相比有明显减慢的趋势. 示踪表明, 在冰川水文站附近区域内存在水的渗漏, 夏季可能延伸到倒中桥(HLG-13采样点上方)一带, 下渗水通过地下通道, 到杉树坪(HLG-2采样点)邻近的区域回补到河道内.  相似文献   

水库库岸滑坡涌浪的传播与爬高研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

汪洋  殷坤龙 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):1031-1034

基于流体力学明渠非恒定流的连续性方程、运动方程和沿程水头损失理论,把滑坡涌浪衰减过程分为急剧衰减和缓慢衰减两个阶段来考虑,并认为急剧衰减阶段的涌浪的衰减符合指数衰减规律,缓慢衰减阶段符合明槽水流的沿程水头损失规律,结合初始涌浪高度对涌浪沿岸的传播高度及爬坡高度进行了计算。以新滩滑坡为例对涌浪的传播及爬坡高度进行了计算,得出了滑坡涌浪衰减先快后慢以及传播3 km时的涌浪高度只有初始涌浪高度的30 %以及传播10 km时涌浪高度只有初始涌浪高度的13 %的规律。  相似文献   

济南岩溶泉域地下水水质监测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高赞东  段秀铭  王庆兵  徐慧珍  殷秀兰  李文鹏  周仰效 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(2):10-17

基于GIS手段,利用欧洲方法编制的济南泉域岩溶含水层易污性评价图显示,济南泉域岩溶含水层总体易污性强,地下水容易受到污染。结合泉域污染源调查结果以及地下水补给、径流、排泄系统与水质监测网的现状,设计了51个监测点组成的地下水水质监测网,其中地表水监测点6个,第四系孔隙水监测点8个,变质岩裂隙水监测点1个,泉水监测点4个,岩溶水水源地监测点6个,岩溶地下水监测点26个,并对其监测频率及监测内容进行了分析。  相似文献