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V. M. Zobin E. I. Gordeev V. F. Bakhtiarov E. I. Ivanova Yu. M. Khatkevich V. N. Khodenko V. E. Levin V. P. Mityakin 《Natural Hazards》1992,6(1):51-70
The earthquake of 6 October 1987 (M = 6.6), which occurred near the Shipunsky Cape, Kamchatka, was the largest crustal event in the vicinity of the main city of Kamchatka — Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky — during the last three decades. It was followed by numerous aftershocks. This earthquake allowed us to test the effectiveness of the seismic hazard monitoring in Kamchatka, including the seismological, geodetic and hydrogeochemical surveys. The seismic survey provided the location and source nature of the main shock and aftershocks and the seismic environment of the main shock. The geodetic and hydrogeochemical surveys have yielded data on the response to earthquakes of the Earth's surface deformations, water level, and chemical elements concentration in the underground water. As a result, the following data were obtained: The earthquake of 6 October had a seismic moment 4–10 E18 Nm, thrust type of faulting and the source volume of 20 × 20 × 10 km3. The maximum intensity was VI–VII (MSK-64 scale) and maximum acceleration 88 cm/s2. Before this event, a relative increase in the number of the upper mantle (depth more than 100 km) moderate magnitude earthquakes during 5 years and a one-year period of seismic quiescence for small shallow earthquakes, were recognized. Significant anomalies in HCO3 and H3BO3 concentrations in the underground waters were observed in the wells a week before the main shock. 相似文献
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The Kamchatka peninsula, located in the far east of Russia, is a geologically active margin where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the North American and Eurasia plates. This area is characterised by frequent and strong seismic activity (magnitudes up to 8.5) and epicentres are generally distributed offshore along the eastern coast of the peninsula. For many years, hydrogeochemicals have been collected with a mean sampling frequency of three days in the form of the flow rate and the most common ions and gases in the groundwater of three deep wells in the southern area of the Kamchatka peninsula, where the capital city Petropavlovsk is located. Beginning in 1988, five earthquakes with M > 6.5 occurred in this area. These earthquakes were powerful enough to be considered as potential precursor sources in the sense that the stresses and strains building up before them might be expected to cause precursory activity. In order to reveal any possible precursors of these earthquakes, we analysed the hydrogeochemical data collected. We considered any signal having an amplitude three times the standard deviation to be an irregularity and we defined as an anomaly the existence of an irregularity occurring simultaneously in more than one parameter at each well. Then, on the basis of the worldwide past results and the time recurrence of the quoted earthquakes, we chose 158 days as the maximum temporal window between a possible anomaly and the subsequent earthquake. We identified some premonitory anomalies in hydrogeochemical parameters at different wells. On the basis of these results some earthquake forecasting criteria in southern Kamchatka may be tentatively formulated 相似文献
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克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩复杂岩性岩电特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
准噶尔盆地东部克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩岩石类型复杂多样,且同一岩性由于结构、构造和成分的差异,电性特征差异亦较大,岩性识别困难。本文通过对该区14口井取心段岩电关系研究,认为自然伽马、电阻率、密度三种曲线岩性特征响应明显; 电阻率、中子、密度、声波四条曲线对火山岩岩石构造特征响应明显。并编制了岩性和岩石构造测井识别交会图版11张。进而利用电测资料识别出该区11种火山岩岩石类型: 正长斑岩、二长斑岩、玄武岩、粗面岩、英安岩、流纹岩、霏细岩、沉凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、火山角砾岩和熔结火山角砾岩; 识别出5种岩石构造类型: 正长斑岩中气孔及块状构造和玄武岩中杏仁、碎裂及块状构造。通过本区12口钻井取心后验,测井识别结果与钻井岩心分析结果吻合良好,可作为地区性火山岩测井岩性、岩石构造识别模式。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地滴西地区石炭系火山岩识别与预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
准噶尔盆地腹部滴西地区石炭系火山岩储层中已获重要的工业气流。然而由于成岩环境复杂,岩性多变,火山机构受后期风化剥蚀和构造作用的影响,保存不完整,使得该区火山岩研究难度大,认识程度较低。本文对滴西地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩特征进行了研究,分析了该区典型岩性的岩心、岩石薄片及测井响应特征,提出了一套火山岩测井识别的方法。在此基础上,总结了典型岩性组合的地震反射特征,并对岩性的展布情况进行了预测。最后,对火山岩形成的环境进行了探讨。研究结果显示,滴西地区巴塔玛依内山组顶面的火山岩分布具有一定的分段特征,可以分为东部、中部、西部三段: 从成分上看,东部以酸性岩为主,西部以基性岩为主,中部则酸性岩、中性岩和基性岩皆较发育; 从火山岩产状上看,东部和西部以喷出产状为主,中部则侵入产状和喷出产状皆发育。巴塔玛依内山组火山岩体具有多期次的特点,各火山机构彼此叠置,时间和空间上具有一定的相关性。层状火山机构发育。本文的研究方法对准噶尔盆地内石炭系火山岩研究及火山机构的解剖具有借鉴意义,同时也为该区的油气勘探和开发提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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本文重点分析了北川县可供开发利用的三大主要片区:即洞穴景区(包括猿王洞景区和香江湾景区)、原始林区(含小寨子沟自然保护区和千佛山景区)以及禹穴沟人文-自然景区。洞穴景区内有世界上罕见的地质剖面、地质构造;有溶洞、漏斗、块状石芽、峡谷、陡壁等典型岩溶地貌景观;还有人迹罕至的原始林区——小寨子沟自然保护区,区内有金丝猴、熊猫、水青树、连香树等许多珍稀动植物,具有很高的观赏价值,同时高山峡谷、急流、险滩、瀑布比比皆是。北川县不仅拥有高品位、丰富的自然旅游资源,亦有高价值的大禹故里、羌族村寨等人文旅游资源。此外,北川还具有优越的区位条件和便利的交通条件。针对北川得天独厚的旅游资源,结合实际情况,对主要景区进行分批分期开发构思:总体以大禹文化为橱窗、洞穴资源为市场、羌族文化为润色来开发北川旅游资源,提出开发利用旅游资源的战略方针及采取的对策,指出北川县致富的唯一途径是充分利用本县丰富的旅游资源,发展旅游业。 相似文献
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P.F. Biagi A. Ermini S.P. Kingsley Y.M. Khatkevich E.I. Gordeev 《Journal of Seismology》2001,5(4):487-497
The Kamchatka peninsula, located in the far east of Russia, is a geologicallyactive margin where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the North Americanand Eurasia plates. This area is characterised by frequent and strong seismicactivity (with magnitudes of up to 8.6), with epicentres generallydistributed offshore along the eastern coast of the peninsula. Starting in1977, hydrogeochemical data have been collected with a mean samplingfrequency of three days in wells and springs located in the southern area ofthe Kamchatka peninsula. In order to reveal possible earthquake precursors,the groundwater gas content data collected in the last ten years at fivewells, were statistically analysed. Each signal exceeding a 3threshold was considered to be an irregularity and two different methodsof defining an anomaly were assumed. In the first, an anomaly was declaredwhen an irregularity occurred simultaneously on more than one gas contentat each well. In the second method, an anomaly was declared when anirregularity occurred simultaneously on a given type of gas at more thanone well. As a mechanism for associating an anomaly with an earthquake,the earthquakes that occurred with magnitudes greater than 6.5 and withina distance of 250 km from each well, were selected. Using this frameworkboth successes and failures were identified. It is shown that on the basis ofthis statistical analysis, there is a great probability that the successes revealedare not precursors but random coincidences. 相似文献
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P. F. Biagi A. Ermini S. P. Kingsley Y. M. Khatkevich E. I. Gordeev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2000,157(9):1359-1377
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松辽盆地营城组中基性火山岩成岩作用:矿物晶出序列、杏仁体充填和储层效应 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用露头和钻井资料,通过显微镜观测、化学分析和电子探针分析,研究营城组中基性火山岩的矿物晶出系列和杏仁体充填及其储层效应。本区中基性火山岩包括玄武岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩和粗安岩。斑晶矿物的晶出顺序为:橄榄石最早并几乎全部蚀变为蛇纹石、伊丁石和磁铁矿,仅保留橄榄石假象;辉石被斜长石包含或与之交生,说明辉石晶出有的略早于斜长石、有的与之同时。基质呈间隐间粒结构,为比斑晶偏酸性/碱性的板条状微晶长石堆积搭成格架、内充填玻璃质及微晶粒状矿物(橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿)。基质结晶晚于斑晶,晶出序列为微晶粒状矿物→微晶长石→玻璃质。有单成分和复成分两种杏仁体。单成分者主要见硅质和钙质,具结晶世代性,为后生流体沉淀充填形成,可作为储层变差或非储层的标志。复成分杏仁体是原生火山玻璃固态下水合与蚀变作用的结果:包括蛇纹石/绿泥石-火山玻璃、石英-方解石-皂石/方解石和石英-绿泥石-方解石等组合类型,通常可作为储层改善或有效性增加的标志。中基性火山玻璃蚀变分为四个阶段:新鲜火山玻璃(折光率1.57)→水合火山玻璃(折光率降至1.53)→橙玄玻璃(铁镁质微晶矿物集合体)→新生矿物(石英、方解石、蛇纹石、绿泥石、皂石);由火山玻璃变为新生矿物的体积减小或孔隙增加效应为7%～10%。 相似文献
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东准噶尔滴西地区石炭系火成岩岩相特征及分布预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
含油气火成岩储层的研究为石油勘探开拓了更广阔的前景。东准噶尔滴西地区石炭系火成岩气藏是克拉美丽气田的主体部分,位于陆梁隆起东南部的滴南凸起西端。根据钻井取心、薄片观察及成像测井数据,对滴西地区石炭系的火成岩岩性进行了识别和类型划分; 结合测井、地震等资料,在单井相划分的基础上,以井震结合为方法,建立了不同岩相的地震相模式,并对其不同特征进行了分析; 通过建立地质-地震对应关系,运用时间切片、波形分类等地震属性分析技术对研究区岩相分布进行了预测。研究结果表明滴西地区火成岩发育火山通道相、爆发相、溢流相、火山沉积相和侵入相五种岩相; 研究区火山岩岩相分区性明显,整体呈现西北部以中-基性溢流相为主,中部以爆发相和火山沉积相为主、东南部以中-酸性溢流相为主的分布特点,滴西18井区为独立的侵入岩体,为浅成侵入相。 相似文献
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