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作者研究三维变系数抛物方程 Douglas交替方向隐格式的稳定性和收敛性。采用 H1能量估计方法 ,证明格式按离散 H1范数是绝对稳定的 ,并且收敛阶为 O(Δ t2 + h2 ) 相似文献
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Widdows J Donkin P Staff FJ Matthiessen P Law RJ Allen YT Thain JE Allchin CR Jones BR 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(4):327-356
The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of pollution along the coastlines of the Irish Sea. Pollution assessment was based on the combined measurement of scope for growth (SFG), and chemical contaminants in the tissues of mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 38 coastal sites around the Irish Sea during June-July in 1996 and 1997. On the UK mainland coast, the SFG showed a general trend with a significant decline in water quality in the Liverpool and Morecambe Bay region. High water quality was recorded along the west coast of Wales, as well as southwest England and northwest Scotland (clean reference sites outside the Irish Sea). Along the coast of Ireland there was a similar trend with reduced SFG within the Irish Sea region. SFG was generally low north of Duncannon and then improved north of Belfast. The poor water quality on both sides of the Irish Sea is consistent with the prevailing hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of contaminants associated with urban/ industrial development. The decline in SFG of mussels on both sides of the Irish Sea was associated with a general increase in contaminant levels in the mussels. Certain contaminants, including PAHs, TBT, sigmaDDT, Dieldrin, gamma-HCH, PCBs, and a few of the metals (Cd, Se, Ag, Pb), showed elevated concentrations. Many of these contaminants were particularly elevated in the coastal margins of Liverpool Bay, Morecambe Bay and Dublin Bay. A quantitative toxicological interpretation (QTI) of the combined tissue residue chemistry and SFG measurements indicated that at the majority of coastal sites, c. 50 to > 80% of the observed decline in SFG was due to PAHs as a result of fossil fuel combustion and oil spills. TBT levels were highest at major ports and harbours, but these concentrations only made a minor contribution to the overall reduction in SFG. At no sites were individual metals accumulated to concentrations that could cause a significant effect on SFG. The study identified many sites where the observed reduction in SFG was far greater than predicted from the limited number of chemical contaminants analysed, thus indicating the presence of additional 'unknown toxicants'. Sewage (containing domestic, agricultural and industrial components) appears to be an important contributor to reduced SFG and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and As may provide suitable 'sewage markers'. There was a highly significant positive correlation between SFG and As (P < 0.001). This relationship may be due to reduced As uptake by algal food material and mussels at sites with elevated P04 concentrations (e.g. at sites with sewage inputs). Phosphate is a known competitive inhibitor of As accumulation, at least in algae. The results highlight that further research is required on 'sewage markers' in mussels. The SFG approach therefore provides a rapid, cost-effective and quantitative measure of pollution impact, as well as a means of identifying the causes through a QTI of tissue contaminants levels. It also serves to identify the presence of unidentified toxicants and areas that require further study. 相似文献
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根据美国国家飓风中心纽曼等人发展的大西洋飓风路径HURRAN模式的思想,我们建立了一个适用于西北太平洋的台风路径客观预报“相似法模式”。依靠四十年台风路径历史资料进行业务试验,结果表明该模式具有可允许的误差范围,且操作简便、计算迅速、效果稳定、可作为西北太平洋台风路径客观预报的一个业务模式投入实际使用。 相似文献
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本文利用本世纪以来所出现的埃尔-尼诺现象和太阳活动资料,分析了太阳活动11年周期单周和双周内埃尔-尼诺现象的发生频数及其差异,并分析了单周和双周内埃尔-尼诺现象的形成与太阳活动11年周期位相的关系,以期对埃尔-尼诺现象的预测提供太阳活动的背景。 相似文献
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一、前言海洋光学发展至今已经成为一个范围广泛、具有巨大潜力的重要学科。光在水中的传输特性,始终是人们感兴趣的课题。散射和吸收是决定光在海水中传播的基本过程。海水对光的散射是比较复杂的,这是由于海水中悬浮粒子的大小范围很广,粒子的散射特性是与粒子的大小相对于光的波长之比有关,同时海水对光的散射还与粒子的性质和数量有关。此外,它们又随着时间而变化,并受制于水文要素。因此,必须对光散射作比较详细地研究,并对各海区的光散射特性作现场调查。海水光散射的测量对水下照相、水下电视、水下伪装、水下照明工程、水下捕捞、遥感沿岸水深和水色、海水表 相似文献
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1 美俄白令海海洋边界 现在所称的“美俄白令海海洋边界”,是1990年6月1日在前苏联总统戈尔巴乔夫访美期间,由美国和前苏联两国外长在华盛顿签署的。白令海属半封闭海域,美俄两国属海岸相向国家。划界区还延伸到白令海峡、楚克奇海和北冰洋的某些近海区域。这条海洋划界线为目前世界上最长海洋边界线,长达2 575公里。 相似文献