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Abutment behavior significantly influences the seismic response of certain bridge structures. Specifically in the case of short bridges with relatively stiff superstructures typical of highway overpasses, embankment mobilization and inelastic behavior of the soil material under high shear deformation levels dominate the response of the bridge and its column bents. This paper investigates the sensitivity of bridge seismic response with respect to three different abutment modeling approaches. The abutment modeling approaches are based on three increasing levels of complexity that attempt to capture the critical components and modes of abutment response without the need to generate continuum models of the embankment, approach, and abutment foundations. Six existing reinforced concrete bridge structures, typical of Ordinary Bridges in California, are selected for the analysis. Nonlinear models of the bridges are developed in OpenSees. Three abutment model types of increasing complexity are developed for each bridge, denoted as roller, simplified, and spring abutments. The roller model contains only single-point constraints. The spring model contains discrete representations of backfill, bearing pad, shear key, and back wall behavior. The simplified model is a compromise between the efficient roller model and the comprehensive spring model. Modal, pushover, and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are conducted for the six bridges using the three abutment models for each bridge. Comparisons of the analysis results show major differences in mode shapes and periods, ultimate base shear strength, as well as peak displacements of the column top obtained due to dynamic excitation. The adequacy of the three abutment models used in the study to realistically represent all major resistance mechanisms and components of the abutments, including an accurate estimation of their mass, stiffness, and nonlinear hysteretic behavior, is evaluated. Recommendations for abutment modeling are made. 相似文献
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Ady Padan Hanan J. Kisch Reginald Shagam 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,79(1):85-95
The P/T gradient or baric type of low-grade metamorphic terranes can be characterized on the basis of cumulative frequency curves of the lattice parameter b
0 of dioctahedral micas (Sassi and Scolari 1974), which essentially reflects celadonite content and increases with pressure. The method is here applied to illite/muscovite of sub-greenschist (incipient metamorphism) and low-greenschist facies terranes from the marginal zones of the Swedish Caledonides, Swiss Alps and Venezuelan Andes, where the grade of metamorphism was determined on the basis of illite crystallinity.Complications in the determinations of b
0 arising from (a) shifts in the spacing of the apparent 060 diffraction peaks of the illites due to the presence of inter-stratified expandable layers, and (b) persistence of more crystalline clastic micas are pointed out.In contrast to the earlier-reported decrease of b
0 with progressive metamorphism at higher grades, b
0 tends to increase with grade during incipient metamorphism: it is markedly lower in the diagenetic and low-grade anchimetamorphic grades in the Cambro-Silurian of the Caledonides of Jämtland, western Sweden (zone A), and the Lower Tertiary of the Helvetic zone of the Swiss Alps, than in the higher grade anchizone and epizone of the former terrane.Mean b
0 values for the intermediate and highest (epizone) grades of the Swedish Caledonides are respectively 9.030 and 9.037 Å compared to the mean value of 9.035 Å for the medium-high pressure, Barrovian-type, terrane of Otago, N.Z. Mean b
0 of 9.005 Å for the mainly epizonal slates of the Venezuelan Andes lies between those for the low-pressure terranes of Bosost ( 8.992 Å), and the low-medium pressure terrane of northern New Hampshire (9.010 Å). These baric estimates agree well with those for the metamorphic facies series at higher grade produced by the same events.Cumulative b
0 curves are concluded to be useful for the characterization of P/T gradients of incipient metamorphism, particularly in the higher grade part of the anchizone and the epizone. 相似文献
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Kusumawardani Rini Chang Muhsiung Upomo Togani Cahyadi Huang Ren-Chung Fansuri Muhammad Hamzah Prayitno Galih Ady 《Landslides》2021,18(9):3163-3182
Landslides - The Palu-Donggala earthquake struck Palu city of Sulawesi island, Indonesia, on 28 September 2018. A large-scale liquefaction phenomena occurred in some areas which caused massive... 相似文献
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