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K.D. Litasov A.F. Shatskiy Yu.N. Pal’yanov A.G. Sokol T. Katsura E. Ohtani 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2009,50(12):1129-1138
Experiments on water solubility in forsterite in the systems Mg2SiO4–K2Mg(CO3)2–H2O and Mg2SiO4–H2O–C were conducted at 7.5–14.0 GPa and 1200–1600 °C. The resulting crystals contain 448 to 1480 ppm water, which is 40–70% less than in the forsterite–water system under the same conditions. This can be attributed to lower water activity in the carbonate-bearing melt. The water content of forsterite was found to vary systematically with temperature and pressure. For instance, at 14 GPa in the system forsterite–carbonate–H2O the H2O content of forsterite drops from 1140 ppm at 1200 °C to 450 ppm at 1600 °C, and at 8 GPa it remains constant or increases from 550 to 870 ppm at 1300–1600 °C. Preliminary data for D-H-bearing forsterite are reported. Considerable differences were found between IR spectra of D-H- and H-bearing forsterite. The results suggest that CO2 can significantly affect the width of the olivine-wadsleyite transition, i.e., the 410-km seismic discontinuity, which is a function of the water content of olivine and wadsleyite. 相似文献
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Konstantin D. Litasov Yingwei Fei Eiji Ohtani Takahiro Kuribayashi Kenichi Funakoshi 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,168(3-4):191-203
Pressure–volume–temperature relations have been measured to 32 GPa and 2073 K for natural magnesite (Mg0.975Fe0.015Mn0.006Ca0.004CO3) using synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a multianvil apparatus at the SPring-8 facility. A least-squares fit of the room-temperature compression data to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) yielded K0 = 97.1 ± 0.5 GPa and K′ = 5.44 ± 0.07, with fixed V0 = 279.55 ± 0.02 Å3. Further analysis of the high-temperature compression data yielded the temperature derivative of the bulk modulus (∂KT/∂T)P = −0.013 ± 0.001 GPa/K and zero-pressure thermal expansion α = a0 + a1T with a0 = 4.03 (7) × 10−5 K−1 and a1 = 0.49 (10) × 10−8 K−2. The Anderson–Grüneisen parameter is estimated to be δT = 3.3. The analysis of axial compressibility and thermal expansivity indicates that the c-axis is over three times more compressible (KTc = 47 ± 1 GPa) than the a-axis (KTc = 157 ± 1 GPa), whereas the thermal expansion of the c-axis (a0 = 6.8 (2) × 10−5 K−1 and a1 = 2.2 (4) × 10−8 K−2) is greater than that of the a-axis (a0 = 2.7 (4) × 10−5 K−1 and a1 = −0.2 (2) × 10−8 K−2). The present thermal EOS enables us to accurately calculate the density of magnesite to the deep mantle conditions. Decarbonation of a subducting oceanic crust containing 2 wt.% magnesite would result in a 0.6% density reduction at 30 GPa and 1273 K. Using the new EOS parameters we performed thermodynamic calculations for magnesite decarbonation reactions at pressures to 20 GPa. We also estimated stability of magnesite-bearing assemblages in the lower mantle. 相似文献
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A method of in situ X-ray diffraction at Spring-8 (Japan) was used to analyze simultaneously the hydrogen incorporation into Fe and Fe3C, as well as to measure the relative stability of carbides, nitrides, sulfides, and hydrides of iron at pressures of 6–20 GPa and temperatures up to 1600 K. The following stability sequence of individual iron compounds was established in the studied pressure and temperature interval: FeS > FeN > FeC > FeH > Fe. A change in the unit-cell volume as compared to the known equations of state was used to estimate the hydrogen contents in carbide Fe3C and hydride FeHx. Data on hydride correspond to stoichiometry with x ≈ 1. Unlike iron sulfides and silicides, the solubility of hydrogen in Fe3C seemed to be negligibly low—within measurement error. Extrapolating obtained data to pressures of the Earth’s core indicates that carbon and hydrogen are mutually incpompatible in the iron–nickel core, while nitrogen easily substitutes carbon and may be an important component of the inner core in the light of the recent models assuming the predominance of iron carbide in its composition. 相似文献
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K.D. Litasov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(6):644-649
In this paper I present results of IR spectroscopic measurements of water solubility in Al-bearing periclase and ferropericlase (Mg# = 88) synthesized at 25 GPa and 1400–2000 °C. The IR spectra of their crystals show narrow absorption peaks at 3299, 3308, and 3474 cm?1. The calculated H2O contents are 11–25 ppm in periclase (Al2O3 = 0.9–1.2 wt.%) and 14–79 ppm in ferropericlase (Al2O3 = 0.9–2.9 wt.%). Ferropericlase contains more H2O and Al2O3 than periclase at 1800–2000 °C. I suggest that addition of Al2O3 does not influence the solubility of water in ferropericlase but can favor the additional incorporation of Fe2O3 into the structure. The incorporation of Fe3+ into ferropericlase increases water solubility as a result of iron reduction to Fe2+. It is shown that water has limited solubility in ferropericlase from mantle peridotite; therefore, ferropericlase cannot be considered an important hydrogen-bearing mineral in the lower mantle. 相似文献
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Konstantin D. Litasov Eiji Ohtani Akio Suzuki Kenichi Funakoshi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(3):159-167
High-pressure in situ X-ray diffraction experiment of Fe- and Al-bearing phase D (Mg0.89Fe0.14Al0.25Si1.56H2.93O6) has been carried out to 30.5 GPa at room temperature using multianvil apparatus. Fitting a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state to the P–V data yields values of V 0 = 86.10 ± 0.05 Å3; K 0 = 136.5 ± 3.3 GPa and K′ = 6.32 ± 0.30. If K′ is fixed at 4.0 K 0 = 157.0 ± 0.7 GPa, which is 6% smaller than Fe–Al free phase D reported previously. Analysis of axial compressibilities reveals that the c-axis is almost twice as compressible (K c = 93.6 ± 1.1 GPa) as the a-axis (K a = 173.8 ± 2.2 GPa). Above 25 GPa the c/a ratio becomes pressure independent. No compressibility anomalies related to the structural transitions of H-atoms were observed in the pressure range to 30 GPa. The density reduction of hydrated subducting slab would be significant if the modal amount of phase D exceeds 10%. 相似文献
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K. D. Litasov A. Ishikawa I. S. Bazhan D. S. Ponomarev T. Hirata N. M. Podgornykh N. P. Pokhilenko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,478(1):62-66
A complete microelement analysis of the Chinga meteorite was performed, and the possibility of attributing it together with a number of other iron meteorites into the IVC subgroup, which is transition between IVA and IVB is proposed. 相似文献
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Igor?S.?SharyginEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile Anton?Shatskiy Konstantin?D.?Litasov Alexander?V.?Golovin Eiji?Ohtani Nikolay?P.?Pokhilenko 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(3):22
We performed an experimental study, designed to reproduce the formation of an unusual merwinite?+?olivine-bearing mantle assemblage recently described as a part of a Ca-rich suite of inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds, through the interaction of peridotite with an alkali-rich Ca-carbonatite melt, derived from deeply subducted oceanic crust. In the first set of experiments, we studied the reaction between powdered Mg-silicates, olivine and orthopyroxene, and a model Ca-carbonate melt (molar Na:K:Ca?=?1:1:2), in a homogeneous mixture, at 3.1 and 6.5 GPa. In these equilibration experiments, we observed the formation of a merwinite?+?olivine-bearing assemblage at 3.1 GPa and 1200 °C and at 6.5 GPa and 1300–1400 °C. The melts coexisting with this assemblage have a low Si and high Ca content (Ca#?=?molar 100?×?Ca/(Ca?+?Mg)?>?0.57). In the second set of experiments, we investigated reaction rims produced by interaction of the same Ca-carbonate melt (molar Na:K:Ca?=?1:1:2) with Mg-silicate, olivine and orthopyroxene, single crystals at 3.1 GPa and 1300 °C and at 6.5 GPa and 1400 °C. The interaction of the Ca-carbonate melt with olivine leads to merwinite formation through the expected reaction: 2Mg2SiO4 (olivine)?+?6CaCO3 (liquid)?=?Ca3MgSi2O8 (merwinite)?+?3CaMg(CO3)2 (liquid). Thus, our experiments confirm the idea that merwinite in the upper mantle may originate via interaction of peridotite with Ca-rich carbonatite melt, and that diamonds hosting merwinite may have a metasomatic origin. It is remarkable that the interaction of the Ca-carbonate melt with orthopyroxene crystals does not produce merwinite both at 3.1 and 6.5 GPa. This indicates that olivine grain boundaries are preferable for merwinite formation in the upper mantle. 相似文献
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A. D. Chanyshev K. D. Litasov A. F. Shatskiy E. Ohtani 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,458(2):1277-1280
This work is one of the stages of study of the deep C-O-H fluid and investigates the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under conditions of the Earth’s mantle. The composition of the C-O-H fluid in the upper mantle is estimated as a mixture of H2O and CH4 with a minor amount of H2 and heavier hydrocarbons. Some theoretical calculations show that the stability of heavy hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and PAHs) increases with an increase in temperature. This paper presents the results of an XRD study of PAHs stability in multianvil presses on a Spring-8 accelerator (Japan). The primary compositions were chosen according to the abundance of PAHs in nature. In situ diffraction spectrums were recorded to determine the PAHs stability field. It was established that the PAHs become unstable at a pressure of 6–9 GPa and a temperature of 873–1073 K. 相似文献