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The authors identify a management approach to the problem of incidental catch and utilize that approach to evaluate six management options which are being considered to control incidental catch in the US fishery conservation zone of the Bering Sea. The evaluation is in terms of the ability of management to minimize the impact and control costs of incidental catch. The authors conclude that the use of economic disincentives tends to be preferable due to the inefficiencies and extensive information requirements of the alternative options. 相似文献
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Hurricane Irma caused widespread evacuation activity across Florida and some of its neighboring states in September of 2017. The researchers gathered estimated travel times from the Google Distance Matrix API over about a month to identify and analyze evacuation periods on roads in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina during this time. Travel time data were mathematically adjusted to show more realistic estimations. Both sets of travel times were then graphed, with the assumption that elevated travel times prior to and during hurricane landfall were indicative of evacuation activity. The study generally corroborated the well-established daytime evacuation preference. However, not all evacuation periods followed the daytime travel preference, and at least one nighttime evacuation may have been caused by flooding. In another case, later elevated travel coincided with significant power loss. Finally, the Florida data suggest that most of the evacuation traffic departed before local jurisdictions’ recommended evacuation start times.
相似文献3.
Cimellaro Gian Paolo Marasco Sebastiano Noori Ali Zamani Mahin Stephen A. 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(3):663-677
Immediately after an earthquake a healthcare system within a city, comprising several hospitals, endures an extraordinary demand. This paper proposes a new methodology to estimate whether the hospital network has enough capacity to withstand the emergency caused by an earthquake. The ability of healthcare facilities and to provide a broad spectrum of emergency services immediately after a seismic event is assessed through a metamodel that assumes waiting time as main response parameter to assess the hospital network performance. The First Aid network of San Francisco subjected to a 7.2 Mw magnitude earthquake has been used as case study. The total number of injuries and their distributions among the six major San Francisco's Emergency Departments have been assessed and compared with their capacity that has been determined using a survey conducted by the medical staff of the hospitals. The numerical results have shown that three of the six considered San Francisco's hospitals cannot provide emergency services to the estimated injured. Two alternatives have been proposed to improve the performance of the network. The first one redistributes existing resources while the second one considers additional resources by designing a new Emergency Department. 相似文献
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Domenico Miriello Marco Malagodi Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo Mauro Francesco La Russa Gino Mirocle Crisci Antonino Pezzino Rita Galluccio Donatella Barca Elisa Marasco 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(4):829-836
The monumental tomb of Jefferson Page, an officer in the American Navy, was built in 1899 and is located in the Non-Catholic
Cemetery of Rome (Italy). This study presents complementary diagnostic studies characterizing the stone of the tomb and the
weathering and decay phenomena it has undergone. The monument is made of a single type of whitish marble, variously veined
and often covered with black patinas. Petrographic, isotopic and LA-ICP-MS analyses attribute the marble to the Carrara district.
SEM/EDS and microbiological analyses indicate that the black patinas are due to cyanobacterial autotrophic and fungin heterotrophic
colonization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of organic material on some portions of the tomb,
due to undocumented restoration carried out with a mixture of marble powder and a polyester resin. 相似文献
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A novel ground motion selection and modifications method to perform response history analysis of structures is presented in this paper. Currently, the accessibility of ground motion information permits the analysis of structures using real ground motion data. Predicting the dynamic behavior of structures is a primary objective; therefore, the selection of a set of ground motions that shows a reduction in the variability of the structural response and accuracy in preserving the median demand is a challenging task. The new selection and scaling procedure emerges from comparing a set of horizontal ground motions at various ranges of frequency. In this study, the conditional mean spectrum and the design response spectrum are used as target spectra, and the records that give an applicable and compelling contribution to the hazard are considered. It is possible to obtain a set of ground motions with similar seismic severity by matching the target spectrum at the period of interest T ref , where the scaled spectrum should have an equivalent Housner intensity in the period range 0.2T ref –2T ref . The horizontal components for every band of frequency is obtained using a specific index that depends on the energy-frequency trend’s shape as well as on its scattering degree around the mean value. This allows obtaining a set of spectrum-compatible records with almost identical severity and low dispersion of the structural response parameters. The methodology has been tested showing a significant effectiveness in terms of low variability of parameters and accuracy in preserving the median demand for a given hazard scenario. 相似文献
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