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N. A. Goryachev G. N. Gamyanin V. Yu. Prokof’ev N. E. Savva T. A. Velivetskaya A. V. Ignat’ev 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2014,56(5):322-345
This paper is focused on the Early Cretaceous Ag-Bi-Co-sulfoarsenide mineralization atypical of northeastern Asia, which contains diverse Co-Ni sulfoarsenides, Se-bearing Bi sulfotellurites, and Ag-Bi-Pb sulfosalts. The Upper Seymchan ore cluster is located at the boundary between the Paleozoic Omulevka Terrane of carbonate platform and the In’yali-Debin Synclinorium of the Kular-Nera Terrane. These ore-bearing sequences are represented by the Middle Jurassic terrigenous rocks that rest upon the Upper Triassic sandshale rocks of the upper structural stage. The sedimentary rocks are cut through by high-Al granitic plutons and younger granite-porphyry dikes. The orebodies that are superposed on igneous rocks were formed during (1) the quartz-chlorite-tourmaline stage of metasomatic alteration, (2) the main economic tourmaline-chlorite-quartz-sulfoarsenide vein stage, (3) the polysulfide-quartz stage with Ag, Se, Bi minerals, and (4) the postore quartz-calcite stage with fluorite. The epithermal veins of festoon chalcedony-like quartz with Sb-bearing arsenopyrite occupy a special position. In particular orebodies, the chlorite-quartz ore veins dominate at the upper levels, whereas the quartz-tourmaline veins occur at the lower levels. Wall-rock alteration is represented by metasomatic chloritization and tourmalinization up to the formation of monomineralic metasomatic zones. Sulfides and sulfoarsenides are distinguished by anomalous enrichment of sulfur in the light isotope (δ34S = ?12.8 to ?16.7‰) in contrast to the sulfur isotopic composition of Sb-asenopyrite (?1.7‰) from the genetically different epithermal veins. The oxygen isotopic composition of calcite (the third stage) is uniform at all studied deposits and reveals a tendency to updip enrichment in δ18O within a vertical interval of 200 m. Quartz from ore-bearing and epithermal veins has an almost identical δ18O value (±2‰) but differs from quartz at the tin deposits related to granites of the Canyon Complex and enriched in the light isotope in its oxygen isotopic composition. The mineralization in the Upper Seymchan ore cluster, which is genetically linked to the Early Cretaceous calc-alkaline dike suite pertaining to the period of postcollision late orogenic extension, is formed from magmatic fluids diluted with meteoric water (salinity reaches 20 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures varying from 400-380°C to 220-150°C and under a pressure of 970 to 60 bar. The direct vertical mineral zoning is expressed in the change of mineral species with depth and in variable compositions and properties of particular minerals. 相似文献
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L. A. J. MARTIN M. BALLÈVRE P. BOULVAIS A. HALFPENNY O. VANDERHAEGHE S. DUCHÊNE E. DELOULE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(2):213-231
The analysis of texture, major element and oxygen isotope compositions of cloudy garnet crystals from a metapelite sampled on Ikaria Island (Greece) is used to assess the model of growth and re‐equilibration of these garnet crystals and to reconstruct the pressure–temperature–fluid history of the sample. Garnet crystals show complex textural and chemical zoning. Garnet cores (100–200 μm) are devoid of fluid inclusions. They are characterized by growth zoning demonstrated by a bell‐shaped profile of spessartine component (7–3 mol.%), an increase in grossular from 14 to 22 mol.% and δ18O values between 9.5 ± 0.3‰ and 10.4 ± 0.2‰. Garnet inner rims (90–130 μm) are fluid inclusion‐rich and show a decreasing grossular component from 22 to 5 mol.%. The trend of the spessartine component observed in the inner rim allows two domains to be distinguished. In contrast to domain I, where the spessartine content shows the same trend as in the core, the spessartine content of domain II increases outwards from 2 to 14 mol.%. The δ18O values decrease towards the margins of the crystals to a lowest value of 7.4 ± 0.2‰. The outer rims (<10 μm) are devoid of fluid inclusions and have the same chemical composition as the outermost part of domain II of the inner rim. Garnet crystals underwent a four‐stage history. Stage 1: garnet growth during the prograde path in a closed system for oxygen. Garnet cores are remnants of this growth stage. Stage 2: garnet re‐equilibration by coupled dissolution–reprecipitation at the temperature peak (630 < T < 650 °C). This causes the creation of porosity as the coupled dissolution–reprecipitation process allows chemical (Ca) and isotopic (O) exchange between garnet inner rims and the matrix. The formation of the outer rim is related to the closure of porosity. Stage 3: garnet mode decreases during the early retrograde path, but garnet is still a stable phase. The resulting garnet composition is characterized by an increasing Mn content in the inner rim’s domain II caused by intracrystalline diffusion. Stage 4: dissolution of garnet during the late retrograde path as garnet is not a stable phase anymore. This last stage forms corroded garnet. This study shows that coupled dissolution–reprecipitation is a possible re‐equilibration process for garnet in metamorphic rocks and that intra‐mineral porosity is an efficient pathway for chemical and isotopic exchange between garnet and the matrix, even for otherwise slow diffusing elements. 相似文献
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New data on the Paleozoic Ol’cha gold-silver deposit are given, including interpretation of its tectonic setting and mineralogical
characteristization, the most complete to date. Strike-slip deformation is crucial for the formation of the ore field structure. 相似文献
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A. V. Volkov N. E. Savva A. A. Sidorov V. Yu. Prokof’ev N. A. Goryachev S. D. Voznesensky A. V. Al’shevsky A. D. Chernova 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2011,53(1):1-26
The Shkol’noe deposit is localized in a small granitoid stock, the root portion of which is traced using geophysical data
to a depth of 5–8 km. The high-grade gold ore (33 gpt Au) is enriched in silver and principally differs in ore composition
from the previously studied mesothermal gold-quartz and epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Russian Northeast. The main
reserves of the Shkol’noe deposit concentrate in bonanzas (20% of the total volume of orebodies). The internal deformation
is related to the rearrangement of matter in freibergite; exsolution structures in fahlore and native gold are related to
postmineral metamorphism. It is suggested that the ore of the Shkol’noe deposit occupies a transitional position between porphyrytype
and epithermal levels of ore deposition. 相似文献