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1.
Geodatabase版本控制原理剖析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着地理信息系统的发展及其应用的不断扩大,多用户并发操作、长事务处理以及历史数据回溯管理成为大型空间数据库的基本要求,ESRI在面向对象地理模型(Geodatabase数据模型)中通过版本控制为空间数据库的上述要求提供了有效的解决方案。本文详细分析了Geodatabase版本控制基本原理,为建立、管理大型空间数据库以及研究开发全新面向对象空间数据库管理系统提供参考。 相似文献
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基于ArcGIS Engine的地理信息数据库管理系统设计与实现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着社会的发展,空间信息在国土、规划等各领域的应用越来越广泛,且其容量也呈几何级增长,如何安全高效地管理、分发空间数据,成为深入应用地理信息系统功能的必要前提。本文以作者实际工作为基础,介绍了利用ESRI公司最新产品ArcGIS Engine开发包设计实现地理信息数据库管理系统的具体方法。 相似文献
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We tested two approaches to forecast species distributions while balancing the impact of climate change against the inertia promoted by other influential factors that have been forecast as not changing. Given that mountain species are presumed to be more at risk due to climate warming, we selected an amphibian, a reptile, a bird, and a mammal species present in the Spanish mountains, to model their distributional response to climate change during this century. The climatic forecasts were made according to the general circulation models CGCM2 and ECHAM4 and to the A2 and B2 emission scenarios. We modelled the response of the species to spatial, topographic, human, and climatic variables separately. In our first approach, we compared each of these single-factor models using the Akaike Information Criterion, and produced a combined model weighting each factor (spatial, topographic, human, and climatic) according to Akaike weights. This procedure overestimated the best model, and the other factors were neglected in the combined model output. In our second approach, we produced a combined model using stepwise selection of the variables previously selected within each factor. In this way every factor was effectively represented in the combined explanatory model of the distributional response of the species to environmental conditions. This enabled the construction of models that combined climate with the other explanatory factors, to be later extrapolated to the future by replacing current climatic and human values with those expected from each emission and socio-economic scenario, while preserving spatial and topographic variables in the model. 相似文献
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The Géant Dormant gold mine is a sulfide-rich quartz vein gold deposit hosted by a volcano-sedimentary sequence and an associated
felsic endogenous dome and dikes. The auriferous quartz-sulfide veins were preceded by two synvolcanic gold-bearing mineralizing
events: early sulfidic seafloor-related and later disseminated pyrite in the felsic dome. This deposit differs from classical
Archean auriferous quartz vein deposits by the low carbonate and high sulfide contents of the veins and by their formation
prior to ductile penetrative deformation. The δ18O values of quartz associated with seafloor-related auriferous sulfides average 11.9 ± 0.6‰ (n = 3). The seafloor hydrothermal fluids had a δ18O value of 3.2‰ calculated at 250 °C. The oxygen isotope composition of quartz and chlorite from veins average 12.5 ± 0.3‰
(n = 20) and 5.9 ± 1.1‰ (n = 4) respectively. Assuming oxygen isotope equilibrium between quartz and chlorite, the veins formed at a temperature of
∼275 °C, which is consistent with the calculated temperature of 269 ± 10 °C from chlorite chemistry. The gold-bearing fluids
had a δ18O value of 4.7‰ calculated at 275 °C. The δ34S values of sulfides from the three gold events range from 0.6 to 2.8‰ (n = 32) and are close to magmatic values. Sulfur isotope geothermometry constrains the sulfide precipitation in the gold-bearing
veins at a temperature of ∼350 °C. The similarity of the isotope data, the calculated δ18O of the mineralizing fluids and the likely seawater fluid source suggest that the three mineralizing events are genetically
related to a volcanogenic hydrothermal system. The high value of the auriferous fluids (δ18O = 4.7‰) is attributed to a significant magmatic fluid contribution to the evolved seawater-dominated convective hydrothermal
system. The two-stage filling of veins at increasing temperature from quartz-chlorite (275 °C) to sulfides (350 °C) may reflect
the progressive maturation of volcanogenic hydrothermal systems. These results, together with field and geochemical data,
suggest that formation of gold-rich volcanogenic systems require specific conditions that comprise a magmatic fluid contribution
and gold from arc-related felsic rocks, coeval with the mineralizing events. This study shows that some auriferous quartz-vein
orebodies in Archean terranes are formed in volcanogenic rather than mesothermal systems.
Received: 12 December 1998 / Accepted: 5 July 1999 相似文献
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地应力测量及其地下工程应用的思考 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
国内外地应力实测资料证实,地表附近构造应力受多种影响因素的干扰,经常叠加着非构造应力(如地形等引起的应力)。为此,本文讨论了地应力测量及其地下工程应用值得注意的问题。地应力测量前应充分考虑测量孔位的选定和地形地貌、岩性、断裂等的影响;地应力测量后应对测值的各种影响因素和可靠性进行分析、进行岩石力学性质校正和对比分析以及测值的代表性分析等;工程应用应考虑具体工程所处不同构造部位、不同岩性、不同岩体结构、不同深度等局部地应力状态的变化和差异,此外,工程本身不同的设计结构、尺寸等引起的局部地应力状态变化也需予以充分考虑。 相似文献
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Catia Real Ehrlich 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(2):73-88
ABSTRACTThe localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented. 相似文献
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Zulema Varela J. A. Fernández J. R. Aboal C. Real A. Carballeira 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2010,65(1):37-48
The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal size of the sampling area that should be used in the moss biomonitoring
technique, in relation to the spatial variation in the concentrations of contaminants determined in samples collected within
short distances (<30 m). For this, the spatial structure in the concentrations of various metals and metalloids was explored
by use of semivariograms calculated by use of a robust estimator of the variance. In each of the 3 sampling sites considered
in the study (one sampled on two occasions), 50 samples of the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum were collected and the tissue concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, K, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were determined. The results obtained
show that in most cases (25 out of 32), there was no spatial structure in the concentrations of the elements and that the
semivariograms were subject to the nugget effect. For those elements for which spatial independence or a linear spatial structure
was observed, the size of the sampling area did not affect the results, and the dimensions were irrelevant within the range
studied. The existence of spatial structure, which can be fitted to a spherical model, enabled a range of autocorrelation
to be defined, which corresponded to an area of diameter >16 m. The proposed method must be applied to other species and in
other regions, in order to standardize the size of the sampling sites in the moss biomonitoring technique. 相似文献
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电子地图数据的管理是一项细致、繁琐的基础性工作,对其管理是否科学、高效将直接影响数据的提供和服务,建立实用的数据管理系统辅助管理,以提高效率,从而提供更好的服务。本文从数据源、存储设备编号、系统构架、数据库设计、系统功能与应用等多个方面介绍电子地图数据管理系统的设计和实现。 相似文献
10.
Anne Duperret Said Taibi Rory N. Mortimore Martin Daigneault 《Engineering Geology》2005,78(3-4):321-343
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of groundwater and sea weathering on the strength of the chalk rocks exposed on the coastline of the English Channel in Normandy, NW France. We present a study of the rock strength variations of three representative chalk units (Lewes Chalk, Seaford Chalk and Newhaven Chalk) exposed at various locations on the coastal chalk cliffs. The combination of UCS tests and SEM observations have been used (1) on dry natural chalk samples, (2) on chalk samples at various moisture contents, (3) on dry chalk samples submitted to a 10-day cycle of alternating wetting and drying by distilled water and by sea water. Dry chalk samples show low UCS strength (3.46–4 MPa) indicative of very weak rocks. When chalk samples are submitted to progressive water wetting, they present a decrease of UCS strength and Young's modulus of 40% to 50%. This behaviour begins at low values of water content within the chalk, i.e., for a degree of water saturation ranging between 10% and 17%. When chalk samples are submitted to an artificial weathering cycle with distilled water, a decrease in strength is observed, whereas the Young's modulus increases. SEM observations indicate the occurrence of microcracks and particle aggregates in the sample. When chalk samples are submitted to an artificial weathering with sea water, the decrease of UCS strength and Young's modulus achieves a minimum. SEM observations indicate salt crystals within the chalk. On the coastal cliffs of NW France, weathering processes depend both on chalk lithology, which show a range of sensitivity to weathering and on the location of the chalk in the coastal area. Processes allied to the degree of weathering (e.g., salt crystallisation or fresh water disaggregation) differ in the chalk massif, on the cliff face and on the shore platform. 相似文献