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Natural Hazards - The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami led to improvements in Thailand’s early warning systems and evacuation procedures. However, there was no consideration of better aid delivery,... 相似文献
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Palaeodunes were examined on the eastern margin of the Rio Branco–Rupununi savanna, northeast Amazonia. Optical dating suggests that the onset of aeolian activity was between 17 000 and 15 000 yr ago, just after the Last Glacial Maximum. Both the palaeodune axes and modern dominant wind directions have northeast to east‐northeast directions, implying no significant shift in atmospheric circulation patterns over northeast Amazonia during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Major regional climate change events, such as the Younger Dryas, do not appear to have had any effect on the rates of aeolian deposition at the study site. Aeolian activity appears to have continued to the present day, showing a remarkably constant deposition rate of around 0.13 m kyr?1 initially, increasing smoothly to the present. Until more palaeodunes in northern Amazonia are dated, it is impossible to determine if this record of gradual aeolian deposition is a reliable regional palaeoclimate indicator, rather than being the result of local bioclimatic and geomorphological effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dates from five sites in western Kalimantan are compared with 14 C and thermo-luminescence dates from other sediments in the region. There is now strong evidence that the Old Alluvium of Peninsular Malaysia is of late Pleistocene age and that it can be correlated with the White Sand Complexes of western Borneo. This contrasts with the late Pliocene to mid Pleistocene ages for Old Alluvium, based primarily on stratigraphic deductions, put forward by geoscientists examining the regional tin deposits. This study shows that the upper parts, at least, of the western Borneo White Sand Complexes were deposited mid-way through the last glaciation (76 ka), with extensive terminal Pleistocene re-deposition (11.2-9.8 ka) and at least two gully erosion events during the Holocene (5.8-3.8 ka and 0.48 ka). 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - Wind gusts are a major cause of damage to property and the natural environment and a source of noise in seismic networks such as the USArray Transportable Array. Wind gusts cause... 相似文献
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Groundwater Exploration Using Remote Sensing And A Low-Cost Geographical Information System 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
R.M. Teeuw 《Hydrogeology Journal》1995,3(3):21-30
RESUMEN: Ahora que los ordenadores personales (pc) son cada vez más potentes, portátiles y económicos, los científicos pueden utilizar plenamente los desarrollos en generación de mapas por ordenador, particularmente, los Sistemas de Información Geográficos (SIG). Se utilizó el SIG IDRISI para 1) procesar imágenes de satélite; 2) evaluar la confianza de los lineamientos interpretados; 3) crear mapas que muestren las longitudes de los lineamientos individuales, la extensión superficial sus interconexiones y los posibles lugares para sondeos hidrogeológicos; y 4) incorporar factores socio-económicos, creando mapas que muestren la proximidad de las poblaciones a los lugares que se consideren apropiados para la localización de los pozos. La localización exacta de cada perforación se decidió basándose en sondeos geofísicos sobre áreas previamente analizadas por teledetección y SIG. Gran parte de este trabajo se llevó a cabo en Ghana, a lo largo de dos semanas, durante las que se comprobó la veracidad de los mapas de lineamientos. El coste total del hardware y software usados en este proyecto (un pc portátil de 16 colores, impresora de color portátil y IDRISI) fue algo menor de US $ 2,600. El relativamente bajo costo y la facilidad de uso de este sistema, le convierte en una tecnología fácilmente transferible a países en vías de desarrollo.
RéSUMé: Maintenant que les ordinateurs personnels sont puissants, portables et accessibles, les spécialistes des sciences de la terre peuvent profiter pleinement des développements en matière de cartographic assistée par ordinateur, en particulier avec les Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG). Le SIG IDRISI a été utilisé pour 1) traiter des images satellites; 2) tester la validité des linéaments interprétés; 3) créer des cartes donnant les longueurs de chaque linéament, l'extension des linéaments interconnectés et les implantations pour les forages; et 4) introduire les facteurs socio-économiques en créant des cartes montrant la proximité des villages par rapport aux sites considérés comme étant favorables pour les forages. La position exacte de chaque site de forage a été décidé sur la base de campagnes géophysiques sur les territoires qui ont été définis au moyen de la télédétection et de l'analyse du SIG. La plupart des études de télédétection et portant sur le SIG ont été menées au Ghana, durant deux semaines au cours desquelles a été vérifiée la réalité de terrain des cartes de linéaments. Le co?t total de l'équipement informatique et des logiciels nécessaires au projet (PC portable 16 couleurs, imprimante couleurs portable et IDRISI) est un peu inférieur à 2600 Dollars américains. Le co?t relativement bas et le type d'utilisation en font une technologic tout à fait applicable aux pays en voie de développement.相似文献
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The results of a 10 year study of groundwater‐dominated streams in the chalklands of southern England show that macrophyte communities occupying the headwaters of such streams have a measurable variability in terms of species composition and spatial cover, especially in relation to river flow. This occurs as a result of species adaptation to typically ephemeral flow regimes. Associations have also been established between variations in the vegetation and hydroclimatic parameters at the catchment scale, such as rainfall, percolation and soil moisture conditions. This has led to the derivation of a system whereby the nature of headwater macrophyte communities can be forecast/hindcast, on the basis of parameterized, antecedent flow records, to a current accuracy level of 72% for any of 13 community types and 90% for any of four community groups. It is anticipated that this accuracy rate will improve with (i) an updated community classification, (ii) refinement of the parameterization procedures for flow records, and (iii) the extension of the method from the six study streams currently under scrutiny to a further 18 streams. Greater accuracy of prediction will be constrained by natural variation within the vegetation and the interaction of an array of geomorphological and land‐use variables operating at diverse spatial scales. The process used here to establish vegetation–flow relationships could be used in other locations with groundwater‐fed streams, providing a useful tool for assessing some of the impacts of bioclimatic changes driven by global warming. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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