水滑石类化合物的研究进展及其在PP中的应用进展          下载免费PDF全文

宋雪雪  李丽娟  刘志启  姬连敏  聂锋  曾忠民  宋富根  时东  徐德芳  兰生杰  彭小五  张利诚 《盐湖研究》2016,24(4)

水滑石类化合物是一种重要的无机材料,因其特殊的晶体化学性质,有良好的热稳定性、阻燃性和离子交换性,广泛应用于化工、材料、环保和医药等领域。本文综述了水滑石类化合物的结构、性质、制备方法及其优缺点,水滑石在PP中的应用进展,以及水滑石作为PP阻燃剂的优异性能,并指出了今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

应变软化边坡渐进破坏模式及稳定性可靠度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何成  唐辉明  申培武  苏雪雪 《地球科学》2021,46(2):697-707

针对现有考虑应变软化效应的边坡渐进破坏分析模型中计算假定条件不符合实际情况的不足,以三峡库区赵树岭滑坡为研究对象,考虑地下水位波动和地震力的影响,提出用于分析多场耦合条件下应变软化边坡渐进破坏模式及稳定性可靠度的方法.结果表明,地下水位波动和地震力会不同程度地影响滑坡的渐进破坏模式和破坏概率.滑坡在145 m、175 m水位和库水位从175 m陡降为145 m三种工况下整体稳定,但分别有14.119%、20.266%和21.797%的概率发生局部渐进破坏;在烈度为Ⅶ的地震力作用下同时考虑3种蓄水工况,该滑坡分别有34.067%、38.061%和38.405%的概率发生整体渐进破坏;根据滑坡渐进破坏模式指出最佳加固位置应在沿江大道前沿.该分析方法具备可靠性,可为边坡的渐进破坏模式及稳定性评价研究提供参考.   相似文献   

N523-TBP混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的共萃取效应、盐析效应和共存离子影响          下载免费PDF全文

时东  宋富根  李丽娟  彭小五  姬连敏  宋雪雪  张利诚  聂峰  曾忠民  刘志启 《盐湖研究》2016,24(1)

本文研究了N523-TBP混合萃取体系从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的共萃取效应、盐析效应及共存离子影响。首先研究了FeCl3、CoCl2、NiCl2、CuCl2、ZnCl2等过渡金属氯化物盐对锂的共萃取效应,结果表明FeCl3是最佳的共萃剂,Fe/Li摩尔比为1.3时萃取效果最优。研究了卤水中KCl、CaCl2、NaCl、MgCl2、AlCl3的盐析效应,结果表明MgCl2是萃取锂天然的最佳盐析剂。研究了卤水中Na+、K+、Ca2+等共存离子对锂萃取效果的影响,结果表明锂与共存离子的分离因数顺序为βLiMg >βLiK >βLiNa >βLiCa。以上结果表明N523-TBP混合萃取体系特别适合从高镁卤水中萃取锂,但不适于从含钙较高的卤水中萃取锂。  相似文献   

Risk analysis of tripping accidents of power grid caused by typical natural hazards based on FTA-BN model     

Bian  Haifeng  Zhang  Jun  Li  Ruixue  Zhao  Huanhuan  Wang  Xuexue  Bai  Yiping 《Natural Hazards》2021,106(3):1771-1795

As the scale of the power grid becomes larger, the requirements for transmission reliability are getting higher. Due to the large geographical span and the harsh environment of the power transmission line, it has become the most severely affected equipment of the power grid by natural factors. However, the quantitative assessment of transmission line tripping accidents caused by multiple natural hazards has rarely been investigated. In this study, a risk analysis method to probabilistically analyze the tripping accidents of power transmission lines caused by wildfire, lightning, strong wind and ice storm was proposed. The analysis process consists of comprehensively identifying the risk of tripping accidents based on fault tree analysis and dynamically performing the predictive analysis of tripping accident evolution process in transmission line from causes to consequences based on Bayesian network. Critical risk evolution paths corresponding to four natural hazards are determined through a 72-node BN. The source risks of the four critical risk evolution paths are artificial ignition source from the wildfire path, aging from the lightning path, thoughtless of surrounding environment from the strong wind path and wind effect from the ice storm path. The countermeasures of tripping accidents are derived through the source risks and synergy between risks in three scenario analysis. This study is expected to examine the key challenges of risk management in power grid tripping accidents, which provides technical supports for accident preventing, handling and recovering of tripping accidents of the power transmission line according to “scenario–response”-based hazard response strategy.

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亚洲高山区冰湖溃决洪水事件回顾   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张太刚  王伟财  高坛光  安宝晟  尚雪雪 《冰川冻土》2021,43(6):1673-1692

冰湖溃决洪水是由冰湖快速大量释水所导致的自然灾害。在全球变暖背景下,亟待建立完整的冰湖溃决洪水数据库,以进一步对冰湖进行危险性评估和风险管理。整理了亚洲高山区（青藏高原及周边地区）的冰湖溃决洪水资料,得出冰湖溃决洪水主要分布在天山山脉、喀喇昆仑山、喜马拉雅山脉、念青唐古拉山、横断山等区域。20世纪以来,亚洲高山区共计发生冰湖溃决洪水277起,其中冰碛湖溃决洪水113起,冰坝湖溃决洪水164起。导致冰碛湖溃决的诱因以冰-雪崩或冰川滑塌为主导,占50.1%,埋藏冰融化或管涌、强降水或上游来水、滑坡-岩崩以及地震占比分别为23.1%、18.5%、7.4%和0.9%。1980年以来,冰碛湖溃决洪水的发生频率呈较弱的增长趋势;但由于发生溃决的冰湖趋于小型化,其溃决水量与洪峰流量在喜马拉雅山脉、天山山脉等地区呈显著下降趋势。2010—2018年间喜马拉雅山脉中段发生8起冰湖溃决洪水事件,远高于天山山脉、喜马拉雅山脉东段和念青唐古拉山等地区,成为新的高发区,是未来重点关注的地区。在未来冰湖溃决洪水频率可能增加的状况下,相关国家和地区在应对冰川灾害、实现区域防灾减灾等方面需要加强沟通交流,共同建立跨区域协调的防灾体系。  相似文献   

A statistical damage constitutive model based on unified strength theory for embankment rocks     

Peiwu Shen  Dingjian Wang  Yibing Ning  Yongquan Zhang  Xuexue Su 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):818-829

Abstract

Fluctuant marine and reservoir water levels are the main failure-inducing factors for embankment slopes. The soft embankment rocks, e.g., red-bed mudstone, eroded by the reservoir water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area greatly influence the stability of the embankment slopes. In this study, unified strength theory was innovatively applied for damage evaluation and combined with the Weibull distribution to obtain the strength statistics of micro units. Additionally, one damage constitutive model and one damage evolution model considering the initial damage, strain softening and damage weakening were proposed. Then, a series of tests, e.g., modified cyclic wetting and drying test, triaxial compression test and modified numerical simulation test for reservoir embankment red-bed mudstone, were conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed models. In addition, grey system theory was originally used to evaluate the effects of the Weibull distribution parameters (m and w) and the confining stress on the peak stress. Finally, the proposed model was tentatively applied to the modification of the limit failure height model of the bedded rock slopes. The verification implies that the proposed model results are consistent with the testing results, especially in the simulation of compaction, elastic deformation and strain softening and in the prediction of peak strength. The results from grey system theory analysis indicate that the micro unit strength parameter (w) has the most obvious effect on the strength. Moreover, the modified method based on the damage evolution model for calculating the limit failure height of the bedded rock slopes is conservative.  相似文献