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1.
Fr. Nölke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1927,18(2):121-131
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
2.
A. Papafotiou R. Helmig J. Schaap P. Lehmann A. Kaestner H. Flühler I. Neuweiler R. Hassanein B. Ahrenholz J. Tölke A. Peters W. Durner 《Advances in water resources》2008
A well-controlled 3-D experiment with pre-defined block heterogeneities is conducted, where neutron tomography is used to map 3-D water distribution after two successive drainage steps. The material and hydraulic properties of the two sands are first measured in the laboratory with multistep outflow experiments. Additionally, the pore structure of the sands is acquired by means of image analysis of synchrotron tomography data and the structure is used for pore-scale simulation of one- and two-phase flow with Lattice-Boltzmann methods. This gives us another set of material and hydraulic parameters of the sands. The two sets of hydraulic properties (from the lab scale and from the pore scale) are then used in numerical simulations of the 3-D experiment. 相似文献
3.
Friedrich Nölke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1924,15(4):300-305
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
4.
Finite-element modelling of pull-apart basin formation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present the results of a finite-element modelling study of pull-apart basin formation related to left-stepping left lateral strike-slip faults. The modelling quantifies the relationship between fault geometry (i.e., fault overlap and separation) and pull-apart basin formation. Two depocentres (subbasins) separated by a broad zone of relative uplift in between may develop if the strike-slip domain is characterized by fault underlap. For overlapping faults migration of the subbasins is predicted by the models. Deep subbasins in a large area of subsidence which spans the entire inner fault zone may form if fault overlap is about three times the fault separation.
The models suggest that a topographic asymmetry within the fault zone may arise due to a different displacement ratio of the strike-slip faults. The modelling results show that this asymmetry in topography becomes more pronounced towards the more active fault. Thus, basin deepening occurs progressively towards the fault characterized by the largest amount of lateral displacement. Moreover, the results indicate that the smaller the fault separation (less than basin length) the less pronounced the topographic asymmetry.
The models provide quantitative estimates for the effects of changes in elastic material properties, the magnitude of the compressive far-field stress and the coefficient of friction of the faults on the resulting topography.
Comparison of the modelling results with field observations from the Cerro Blanco-El Barranquete (CBB) subbasin located in the Internal Zone of the Betic Cordillera, southeastern Spain support an interpretation in which the interplay of major faults has formed the CBB subbasin. 相似文献
5.
Quality of reprocessed GPS satellite orbits 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Peter Steigenberger Markus Rothacher Mathias Fritsche Axel Rülke Reinhard Dietrich 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):241-248
High-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite orbits are one of the core products of the International GNSS Service (IGS). Since the establishment of the IGS in 1994, the quality and consistency of the IGS orbits has steadily been improved by advances in the modeling of GPS observations. However, due to these model improvements and reference frame changes, the time series of operational orbits are inhomogeneous and inconsistent. This problem can only be overcome by a complete reprocessing starting with the raw observation data. The quality of reprocessed GPS satellite orbits for the time period 1994–2005 will be assessed in this paper. Orbit fits show that the internal consistency of the orbits could be improved by a factor of about two in the early years. Comparisons with the operational IGS orbits show clear discontinuities whenever the reference frame was changed by the IGS. The independent validation with Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals shows an improvement of up to 30% whereas a systematic bias of 5 cm still persists. 相似文献
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7.
A. Groh H. Ewert M. Fritsche A. Rülke R. Rosenau M. Scheinert R. Dietrich 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(6):1459-1480
The present study utilises different satellite and ground-based geodetic observations in order to assess the current evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). Satellite gravimetry data acquired by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment are used to derive ice-mass changes for the period from 2003 to 2012. The inferred time series are investigated regarding long-term, seasonal and interannual variations. Laser altimetry data acquired by the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) are utilised to solve for linear and seasonal changes in the ice-surface height and to infer independent mass-change estimates for the entire GIS and its major drainage basins. We demonstrate that common signals can be identified in the results of both sensors. Moreover, the analysis of a Global Positioning System (GPS) campaign network in West Greenland for the period 1995–2007 allows us to derive crustal deformation caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and by present-day ice-mass changes. ICESat-derived elastic crustal deformations are evaluated comparing them with GPS-observed uplift rates which were corrected for the GIA effect inferred by model predictions. Existing differences can be related to the limited resolution of ICESat. Such differences are mostly evident in dynamical regions such as the Disko Bay region including the rapidly changing Jakobshavn Isbræ, which is investigated in more detail. Glacier flow velocities are inferred from satellite imagery yielding an accelerated flow from 1999 to 2012. Since our GPS observations cover a period of more than a decade, changes in the vertical uplift rates can also be investigated. It turns out that the increased mass loss of the glacier is also reflected by an accelerated vertical uplift. 相似文献
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9.
The sedimentary succession of a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to basal Kimmeridgian) carbonate ramp is described and interpreted.
The study area is located in the central part of the Lower Saxony Basin in NW Germany, which forms part of the Central European
Basin. Eight well-exposed and undeformed sections of the study area (Süntel area, Wesergebirge and eastern part of the Wiehengebirge)
provide detailed information about lithofacies and lateral thickness variations. Biostratigraphically, the age of these sediments
is poorly constrained. Twenty microfacies types are recognized that can be grouped into seven facies associations: (a) strongly
bioturbated marlstones deposited near storm wave base (SWB), (b) foraminifera-rich wackestones, (c) wackestones and floatstones
with biostromes and (d) bioclastic limestones deposited between SWB and fair-weather wave base (FWWB), (e) oolitic and iron-oolitic
limestones and (f) siliciclastic sediments deposited above FWWB, and (g) lagoonal deposits. These facies associations characterize
a storm dominated shallow mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp. Based on facies changes, quartz content, and gamma ray logs,
the Korallenoolith Formation can be subdivided into a lower carbonate-dominated and an upper siliciclastic-dominated part,
build up by different scales of small- to large-scale deepening- and shallowing-upward cycles. A preliminary correlation of
measured outcrops of this formation is presented. 相似文献
10.
Friedrich Nölke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1938,30(1-2):21-27
Zusammenfassung Auf die Frage, ob vertikale Bewegungen der Ozeanböden oder horizontale Bewegungen der Kontinente in erster Linie die paläogeographische Entwicklung bestimmen, lä\t sich eine verlä\liche Antwort geben.Wegeners Annahme, da\ den Kontinentalschollen im Sima der Ozeanböden freie Beweglichkeit zukomme, die Ozeanbecken also nur als Gesamtfläche, nicht als einzelne Gebilde, permanent seien, erweist sich als unzulässig. Vielmehr ist daran festzuhalten, da\ die Erdkruste infolge von Schrumpfungsvorgängen im Erdinnern in einen Spannungszustand versetzt wird, durch den das Schweregleichgewicht der Kruste vorübergehend eine Störung erleidet. Es entstehen. weitspannige Verbiegungen, Undationen. Als solche können Meeresböden zu Brückenkontinenten und als Undationstäler festländische Gebiete zu Sedimentationsbecken (Geosynklinalen) werden. Nach der Entspannung der Kruste infolge von Orogenesen stellt sich das Schweregleichgewicht wieder her. 相似文献