Contamination of organotin compounds and imposex in molluscs from Vancouver,Canada     

Horiguchi T  Li Z  Uno S  Shimizu M  Shiraishi H  Morita M  Thompson JA  Levings CD 《Marine environmental research》2004,57(1-2):75-88

Gastropods and bivalves were collected at 15 sites at Vancouver and Victoria, Canada between 24 May and 7 June, 1999, to establish tissue concentrations of butyltin and phenyltin compounds, to record imposex symptoms in gastropods, and to assess the present status of organotin contamination around Vancouver. No neogastropods (such as Nucella lima) were found around Vancouver. Neogastropod populations could have been extirpated by severe TBT contamination in Vancouver, as relatively high concentrations of TBT were detected in tissues of Mytilus trossulus from Vancouver, and the neogastropods distributed in Vancouver might be sensitive to TBT. Recovery from imposex, however, was observed in neogastropod populations from three sites at Victoria and Mission Point. TBT contamination has continued around Vancouver, arising from continuous use of TBT in antifouling paints for vessels larger than 25 m in length; however, TBT has decreased around Victoria and Mission Point. Different patterns of TBT accumulation in tissue were observed among the bivalve species from Vancouver. The highest TBT concentration detected in Tresus capax suggested some possible adverse effects. TBT was the most predominant butyltin component in almost all bivalve specimens surveyed, suggesting a low rate of TBT metabolism. Phenyltin compounds were not detected in any molluscan specimens in this study.  相似文献   

Effects of prolonged exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol on toxicity and indices of oestrogenic exposure in the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus, Pallas)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Robinson CD  Brown E  Craft JA  Davies IM  Moffat CF 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(1):19-38

Alkylphenolic compounds are present in estuarine and marine environments. They are moderately bioaccumulative, and oestrogenic to fish following three week, in vivo, exposures. The effects of prolonged exposure are, as yet, unclear. Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) were exposed to measured concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in a 28-day, dose-ranging study, and a six month temporal response study. Following 28-days exposure to measured 31+/-6 or 101+/-47 microg l(-1) OP (mean+/-SD), immature male sand goby showed elevated vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression. Plasma alkali-labile phosphate concentrations were elevated in both sexes and were higher in females than males. Although measured OP concentrations were variable, they were significantly different for each treatment and a range of concentration-dependent effects were observed. The LC(50) for chronic OP exposure (8 weeks) was 29+/-6 microg l(-1), and both sexes demonstrated concentration and duration dependent increases in VTG mRNA expression. Exposure to 28+/-20 microg l(-1) OP (median+/-95% CI) for 6 months inhibited development of male nuptial colouration and sperm duct glands. These findings are discussed in relation to environmental concentrations of alkylphenols and ecological concerns.  相似文献   

全球范围内天然气水合物构造背景及其稳定域研究综述     

王宏斌杨木壮  白志琳梁金强 《海洋地质》2003,(2):12-21

天然气水合物是人类21世纪的重要能源。目前。全球范围内共有80余处获取水合物样品。识别水合物地震标志—似海底反射(BSR)的地区更为广泛。大量的钻孔资料和地震剖面显示：主动大陆边缘的增生楔和被动大陆边缘的断裂褶皱系、泥火山、泥底辟等构造为水合物聚集成藏的有利构造环境。世界范围内不同水合物产区的温压场及稳定域特征。差别较为明显。各水合物产区的构造背景与水合物发育区的温压场环境以及稳定域的展布规律存在明显的相关关系。本文分别讨论了主动大陆边缘的增生楔(以卡斯凯迪亚为例)和被动大陆边缘的泥火山(以Hakon Mosby泥火山为例)的温压场特征、水合物聚集规律和各自的成藏模式。在此基础上。作者还进一步讨论了南海坳隆断裂带与水合物之间的关系。认为坳隆断裂带分别在气源、疏导体系(断层、砂体)和温压场环境等三方面为水合物形成提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

从正交向到斜向的俯冲：爪哇和苏门答腊之间的构造关系     

Malod  JA 张健 《海洋地质译丛》1996,(2):58-64

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南海陆坡天然气水合物成藏的构造环境   总被引：36，自引：4，他引：36  

王宏斌  张光学  杨木壮  梁金强  梁劲  钟广见 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(1):81-86

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海之一，其复杂的构造演化，形成了构造特征迥异的南海陆缘，有利于天然气水合物的发育，南海地区在中中新统以上发育了上中新统，上新统和第四系3套地层，3套地层所对应的地质时期的沉降速率在纵横向上的差别均较为悬殊，总体而言，南海第四纪整体沉降速率较大，为天然气水合物压力场环境的形成提供了有利条件，南海复杂的构造背景形成了丰富多彩的构造地质体，特定的构造地质体与水合物形成关系密切，这里讨论了滑塌体、泥底辟、增生楔等构造地质体在南海的分布情况，分析了上述构造体与气体水合物地震标志BSR之间的关系，以及特殊构造带在南海的展布规律，提出了特殊的造带中天然气水合物的成藏模式。  相似文献   

中国海域的天然气水合物资源   总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5  

姚伯初  杨木壮  吴时国  王宏斌 《现代地质》2008,22(3):333-341

天然气水合物是甲烷等天然气在高压、低温条件下形成的冰状固体物质。据估算,全球天然气水合物中碳的含量等于石油、煤等化石能源中碳含量的2倍。在人类面临化石能源即将枯竭的时候,各国科学家和政府都把目光投向这一未来能替代化石能源的新能源。新生代构造演化历史、沉积条件、沉积环境等显示,南海具有生成和蕴藏巨大天然气水合物资源的条件;南海海域的地震反射剖面多处显示存在BSR反射波;2007年已钻探见到水合物样品。东海冲绳海槽在第四纪的沉积速率高(10~40cm/ka),槽坡存在泥底辟构造和断裂活动,从上新世以来发生过两次构造运动,这些对天然气水合物的形成是十分有利的;因此,中国海域的天然水合物资源是十分丰富的,在不远的将来它可能成为新的替代能源。  相似文献   

天然气水合物成矿带的识别技术研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

沙志彬  王宏斌  杨木壮  梁金强  张光学  刘学伟  龚跃华 《现代地质》2008,22(3):438-446

在天然气水合物的地震资料解释过程中,常规地震剖面上难以识别水合物成矿带的准确位置。通过多年的实践对比研究,认为波形、速度反演、速度模型、流体因子、瞬时振幅、相对极性和能量半衰时等各种地震剖面,能够较好地揭示水合物成矿带的地球物理异常特征。收集整理了一部分国内外对水合物成矿带的识别技术,并提出了在无井的情况下,如何利用波形、速度和各种地震属性剖面所提供的信息来确定水合物成矿带的一些新想法,以期对水合物资源量的评估能提供比较有价值的参考依据。  相似文献   

剩余层速度分析在南海天然气水合物解释中的指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁劲  王宏斌  沙志彬 《南海地质研究》2008,(1):68-77

地下介质的地震波速度与岩石性质有密切的关系,反映岩石类别和其中含流体的状况。剩余层速度分析是在分析层速度数据基础之上,进行剩余层速度计算,突出局部速度异常,配合BSR分布及振幅异常分析,预测天然气水合物分布的范围。本研究通过对BSR层层速度和剩余层速度的计算,并且结合多种特殊地震属性以及BSR分布范围进行综合分析,进一步了解层速度和剩余层速度在水合物解释中的指示意义：①地层层速度能在一定程度上反映岩性分层、岩石类别和含流体状况,高值层速度与地层厚度、压实作用和岩石性质有关,含水合物地层的层速度往往比一般地层的层速度高;②剩余层速度消除了地层厚度和压实作用的影响,高值剩余层速度主要是由岩性的差别引起;③结合BSR和其他地震属性分析可判断剩余层速度是否由水合物引起;④含水合物地层中,剩余层速度越高水合物的含量越高;剩余速度越低,说明泥质含量越高或者是气体的含量越高。  相似文献   

Deep-sea smokers: windows to a subsurface biosphere?   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Deming JW  Baross JA 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1993,57(14):3219-3230

Since the discovery of hyperthermophilic microbial activity in hydrothermal fluids recovered from "smoker" vents on the East Pacific Rise, the widely accepted upper temperature limit for life (based on pure culture data) has risen from below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure to approximately 115 degrees C. Many microbiologists seem willing to speculate that the maximum may be closer to 150 degrees C. We have postulated not only higher temperatures than these (under deep-sea hydrostatic pressures), but also the existence of a biosphere subsurface to accessible seafloor vents. New geochemical information from the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge indicative of subsurface organic material caused us to re-examine both the literature on hyperthermophilic microorganisms cultured from deep-sea smoker environments and recent results of microbial sampling efforts at actively discharging smokers on the Endeavour Segment. Here we offer the case for a subsurface biosphere based on an interdisciplinary view of microbial and geochemical analyses of Endeavour smoker fluids, a case in keeping with rapidly evolving geophysical understanding of organic stability under deep-sea hydrothermal conditions.  相似文献   

钻孔轨迹参数计算及三维成图方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张百东  王宏斌 《探矿工程》2018,45(4):31-35

随着经济发展及矿产资源开发利用程度进一步提高,地质勘探向着深部、复杂地层发展,钻探施工钻孔也向着定向孔、分支孔的方向发展。地质目的对钻探工艺的要求越来越高,在控制钻孔轨迹方面也需越来越精准。本文就钻孔轨迹参数计算及成图作了详细介绍,阐述了钻孔轨迹相关概念及有关参数的计算方法;通过对Excel电子表格相关功能的研究,成功地将其应用到钻孔轨迹参数计算与处理分析中;通过对Solidworks三维制图软件的研究,成功地将其应用到钻孔轨迹监测及成图方面;通过实际工作案例验证了上述方法的可行性。  相似文献