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以察布查尔县1 191~2 656 m不同海拔草原土壤为研究对象,研究有机质（外加热法,10.18~74.3 3 mg·kg-1）、全氮（自动凯氏定氮仪,0.17~2.6 g·kg-1）、碱解氮（扩散法,14.9 7~198.72mg·kg-1）、磷元素（钼锑抗比色法,全磷：0.12~0.76 g·kg-1、速效磷：20.7 4~153.64 mg·kg-1）,钾元素（火焰光度计法,全钾：9.81~18.64 g·kg-1、速效钾：659.05~1 001.45 mg·kg-1）含量垂直分布特征。结果表明碳、氮、磷、钾均随土层深度的增加而降低;除钾元素外碳、氮、磷随海拔高度的增加而上升;相关性分析结果显示,0~20 cm土层中,海拔高度与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.838**）,与土壤有机、全氮呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.831*、R=0.751*）;有机质与碱解氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.988**）,与全磷呈正显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.726*）,20~40 cm土层中,海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全氮、全磷呈正相关,与速效磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关;有机质与碱解氮、全氮成正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.867**、R=0.970**）,碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著相关（p < 0.05,R=0.914**）,40~60 cm土层中,海拔高度与有机质、碱解氮、全磷呈正相关,与速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾呈负相关;有机质与碱解氮、全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.884**、R=0.966**）,与速效磷、全钾呈正相关,与全磷、速效钾呈负相关;碱解氮与全氮呈正极显著性相关（p < 0.05,R=0.952**）。 相似文献
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新疆气候水文变化趋势及面临问题思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆是亚洲中部干旱区的重要组成部分, 对全球变化响应异常敏感, 水资源问题突出, 研究变暖背景下新疆的气候水文变化及面临的问题, 对应对和适应未来气候变化及水资源安全具有重要意义。基于最新的气候水文观测资料和相关成果, 研究了新疆水文气候要素变化趋势与演变特征, 探讨了目前面临的主要问题及对策建议。结果表明： 1961—2018年新疆升温幅度高于全球平均水平, 冬季升温贡献最大; 降水量和降水日数均明显增加, 夏季降水增加最显著; 21世纪以来气温和降水均在高位波动, 但增加幅度减缓, 气候有从暖湿化向暖干化转折的迹象, 干旱化趋势加剧。21世纪以来, 极端最高气温、 极端最低气温和高温日数显著增加, 高温初日提前, 高温终日推迟, 极端降水事件、 暴雨雪强度和频次明显增加。受气候变化和人类活动共同影响, 塔里木河流域源流区径流量明显增加, 干流径流量微弱减少; 博斯腾湖水位阶段性变化明显, 2013年以来逐渐扩张; 艾比湖总体萎缩, 而山区湖泊赛里木湖面积稳定扩张。新疆气候水文变化面临主要问题包括： 对新疆气候变化趋势和物理过程认识不明、 水文气象灾害风险加剧难以把控、 气候变化影响不确定性加剧, 水安全问题迫在眉睫。建议趋利避害, 抓住气候机遇, 加快生态环境建设; 开展气候水文综合科学考察, 加强机理研究, 构建综合观测协同网络, 提高水文气象灾害风险调控能力; 将有效应对、 有序适应气候变化提升到战略的高度, 为建设美丽新疆和高质量发展服务。 相似文献
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利用线性回归分析法、突变检验法等分析博斯腾湖流域1980～2018年的年均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量等气候因子变化趋势和突变现象及其对开都河径流量的影响.结果表明:1980～2018年博斯腾湖流域年均气温呈波动中上升趋势,其变化速率为0.15℃(10a)-1,年降水量则以0.765mm(10a)-1的速率增加,而年蒸发量... 相似文献
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The Xinjiang region of China is among the most sensitive regions to global warming.Based on the meteorological and hydrological observation data,the regional wet-to-dry cli-mate regime shifts in Xinjiang were analyzed and the impacts of climatic shift on the eco-hydrological environment of Xinjiang were assessed in this study.The results showed that temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang have increased since the mid-1980s,showing a warming-wetting trend.However,drought frequency and severity significantly increased after 1997.The climate of Xinjiang experienced an obvious shift from a warm-wet to a warm-dry regime in 1997.Since the beginning of the 21st century,extreme temperatures and the number of high temperature days have significantly increased,the start date of high temper-ature has advanced,and the end date of high temperature has delayed in Xinjiang.In addition,the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation have significantly increased.Conse-quently,regional ecology and water resources have been impacted by climatic shift and ex-treme climate in Xinjiang.In response,satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index showed that,since the 1980s,most regions of Xinjiang experienced a greening trend and vegetation browning after 1997.The soil moisture in Xinjiang has significantly decreased since the late 1990s,resulting in adverse ecological effects.Moreover,the response of river runoff to climatic shift is complex and controlled by the proportion of snowmelt to the runoff.Runoff originating from the Tianshan Mountains showed a positive response to the regional wet-to-dry shift,whereas that originating from the Kunlun Mountains showed no obvious re-sponse.Both climatic shift and increased climate extremes in Xinjiang have led to intensifi-cation of drought and aggravation of instability of water circulation systems and ecosystem.This study provides a scientific basis to meet the challenges of water resource utilization and ecological risk management in the Xinjiang region of China. 相似文献
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