排序方式： 共有17条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
风廓线雷达资料质量控制及其同化应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为更好地同化风廓线雷达观测资料开展了相应的质量控制与同化应用研究。针对2013年5月广东地区13部风廓线雷达的观测数据,采用经验正交函数(EOF) 分析方法对其进行质量控制。相比原始观测,经过质量控制的风场提高(降低)了来自时空大(小)尺度的贡献,较好地滤除了小尺度高频脉动,也较好地保留了大尺度平均状态与局地中小尺度系统的共同影响,并且更加接近ECMWF再分析场。此外,还对质量控制后的数据进行了垂直稀疏化。分别计算了质量控制前、后风廓线雷达观测与NCEP 6 h预报场的差值,对比差值的特征发现,经过质量控制的数据的观测增量更好地满足了高斯分布与无偏假设。针对一个实际天气个例,基于GRAPES 3D-Var同化系统,分析了质量控制后的风廓线雷达资料对模式分析与预报的影响。试验表明,在循环同化过程中加入风廓线雷达资料可以更好地描述模式初始场低层风场的特征,从而对强降水的位置与强度做出更好的预报。针对2013年5月的批量试验表明,同化风廓线雷达资料使短期降水预报有明显的改善。 相似文献
3.
对2009年8月—2012年8月广东省地基GPS反演的可降水量(GPS/PWV)资料进行分析,建立了该资料的质量控制方案。该方案能合理剔除取值不合理的"离群"资料及与背景场偏差较大的资料。选取2010年5月6—7日及2012年4月27—28日两次前汛期降水过程进行数值试验,经过质量控制,只允许与背景场偏差较小的GPS/PWV资料进入GRAPES三维变分同化系统。并对初始湿度场进行合理调整,使数值预报模式的24 h累积降水量的量级和落区的预报得到明显改进,从而提高数值预报模式的降水预报能力。 相似文献
4.
Application of WRF/UCM in the simulation of a heat wave event and urban heat island around Guangzhou 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper evaluated the performance of a coupled modeling system, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)/Urban Canopy Model (UCM), in the simulation of a heat wave event which occurred around Guangzhou during late June through early July, 2004. Results from three experiments reveal that the UCM with new land data (E-UCM) reproduces the best 2-m temperature evolution and the smallest minimum absolute average error as compared with the other two experiments, the BPA-Bulk Parameterization Approach with new land data (E-BPA) and the UCM with original U.S. Geological Survey land data (E-NOU). The E-UCM is more useful in capturing the temporal and spatial distribution of the nighttime Urban Heat Island (UHI). Differences in surface energy balance between the urban and suburban areas show that low daytime albedo causes more absorption of solar radiation by urban areas. Due to the lack of vegetation which inhibits cooling by evapotranspiration, most of the incoming energy over urban areas is partitioned into sensible heat flux and therefore heats the surface and enhances the heat wave. During nighttime, the energy in the urban area is mainly from soil heat flux. Although some energy is partitioned as outgoing long wave radiation, most of the soil heat flux is partitioned into sensible heat flux due to the small latent heat flux at night. This leads to the development of nighttime UHI and the increase of the magnitude and duration of heat waves within the municipality. 相似文献
5.
选取2009年3月28日广东省广州市大暴雨过程,考察了变分校准前后Z-I关系估算雷达降水率的区别。变分校准后的降水率资料具有较高的单点精度与合理的梯度分布。降水率资料能够反映大气动力特征和水汽分布等重要信息,是模拟中小尺度系统的关键因子。基于GRAPES (Global/Regional Analysis and Prediction System) 区域三维变分系统,将FSU (Florida State University) 对流参数化方案作为观测算子的同化试验指出,同化降水率资料后同时增强了低层大气的辐合和高层大气的辐散,从而使整层气柱的不稳定能量增加。沙氏指数和K指数诊断分析也表明,同化降水率资料后有利于触发强对流天气。此外,低空辐合有利于水汽垂直输送,维持对流发展,改进降水模拟。逐小时数值模拟结果表明:同化校准后的雷达估算降水率不仅可以改进降水分布,而且使中尺度对流系统的发展和消亡清晰地表现出来。 相似文献
6.
We first analyzed GPS precipitable water vapor (GPS/PWV) available from a ground-based GPS observation network in Guangdong from 1 August 2009 to 27 August 2012 and then developed a method of quality control before GPS/PWV data is assimilated into the GRAPES 3DVAR system. This method can reject the outliers effectively. After establishing the criterion for quality control, we did three numerical experiments to investigate the impact on the precipitation forecast with and without the quality-controlled GPS/PWV data before they are assimilated into the system. In the numerical experiments, two precipitation cases (on 6 to 7 May, 2010 and 27 to 28 April, 2012 respectively) that occurred in the annually first raining season of Guangdong were selected. The results indicated that after quality control, only the GPS/PWV data that deviates little from the NCEP/PWV data can be assimilated into the system, has reasonable adjustment of the initial water vapor above Guangdong, and eventually improves the intensity and location of 24-h precipitation forecast significantly. 相似文献
7.
华南局地锋生及对流系统发展的模拟分析研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
2009年3月28日一条东西向的锋面出现在华南25°N附近。伴随着锋面的活动,对流降水回波午后开始在广西的梧州附近发展,并在随后几小时向东移动,组织发展成为中尺度对流系统(MCS),为广东中西部及珠三角地区带来了雷暴、暴雨、冰雹等灾害天气。应用地面自动站、雷达回波、卫星云图以及NCEP-FNL再分析资料和WRF模式的模拟结果,对锋面暴雨形成的天气特征进行了诊断分析,考察了中尺度对流系统的发展演变过程及其与局地锋生的相互关系。结果表明,锋面对流系统形成发展于一个东西向水平尺度约200km的地面中尺度辐合线附近,对流起始发展于具有较大对流有效位能(CAPE)和较小对流抑制位能(CIN)的区域。伴随着对流的发展,锋面强度增强。锋生函数的计算发现,非绝热项和倾斜项分别在由对流引起的次级环流的上升运动支和下沉运动支起锋生作用,是引发中尺度锋生的主要影响因子。而相对来说,水平辐合项和形变项的作用却比较小。这与大尺度的锋生过程不同,中尺度锋生更主要的是由热力直接触发的非地转环流所驱动。涡度场的演变分析还发现,沿着850hPa锋区大的正涡度区与500hPa的强上升运动区对应良好,对流系统发展与中尺度锋生之间存在着类似于第二条件不稳定机制的相互作用,对流增强了锋生过程,锋面则对中尺度对流系统的发展起组织作用。中尺度锋生对对流组织发展的作用作为此类灾害天气形成的原因值得关注。 相似文献
8.
四维变分同化和集合平方根滤波联合反演土壤湿度廓线的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出将集合平方根滤波（EnSRF）估计的预报误差协方差用于四维变分（4DVAR）的同化方案（文中称混合四维变分同化方法,简称混合方法）来反演土壤湿度廓线,该方法由两个同化时段构成: 第一时段为EnSRF,第二时段为4DVAR,此种组合可以充分发挥每一同化方法的优势。通过同化表层土壤湿度观测反演土壤湿度廓线这一理想试验来验证方法的可行性,并与EnSRF和4DVAR的反演结果进行比较,结果表明, 混合方法反演的分析时刻土壤湿度廓线都优于EnSRF和4DVAR的结果。与此同时,为了克服小样本在估算背景场误差协方差矩阵时出现的虚假相关对反演的干扰, 提出在原有协方差矩阵中加入具有高斯指数函数成分来降低其影响;与修正前结果相比,反演的中下层（地下34～100 cm） 土壤湿度的均方根误差从0.036 cm3/cm3降到0.016 cm3/cm3, 降幅为55.6%, 更重要的是大大降低了部分深度处反演土壤湿度的误差, 如地下90 cm处误差从0.085 cm3/cm3降到0.024 cm3/cm3, 降幅达71.8%。 相似文献
9.
The impacts of soil moisture(SM) on heavy rainfall and the development of Mesoscale Convection Systems(MCSs) are investigated through 24-h numerical simulations of two heavy rainfall events that occurred respectively on28 March 2009(Case 1) and 6 May 2010(Case 2) over southern China. The numerical simulations were carried out with WRF and its coupled Noah LSM(Land Surface Model). First, comparative experiments were driven by two different SM data sources from NCEP-FNL and NASA-GLDAS. Secondary, with the run driven by NASA-GLDAS data as a control one, a series of sensitivity tests with different degree of(20%, 60%) increase or decrease in the initial SM were performed to examine the impact of SM on the simulations. Comparative experiment results show that the 24-h simulated cumulative rainfall distributions are not substantially affected by the application of the two different SM data,while the precipitation intensity is changed to some extent. Forecast skill scores show that simulation with NASA-GLDAS SM data can lead to some improvement, especially in the heavy rain(芏50 mm) forecast, where there is up to 5% increase in the TS score. Sensitivity test analysis found that a predominantly positive feedback of SM on precipitation existed in these two heavy rain events but not with completely the same features. Organization of the heavy rainfall-producing MCS seems to have an impact on the feedback process between SM and precipitation. For Case 1, the MCS was poorly organized and occurred locally in late afternoon, and the increase of SM only caused a slight enhancement of precipitation. Drier soil was found to result in an apparent decrease of rainfall intensity,indicating that precipitation is more sensitive to SM reduction. For Case 2, as the heavy rain was caused by a well-organized MCS with sustained precipitation, the rainfall is more sensitive to SM increase, which brings more rainfall. Additionally, distinctive feedback effects were identified from different stages and different organization of MCS, with strong feedback between SM and precipitation mainly appearing in the early stages of the poorly organized MCS and during the late period of the well-organized MCS. 相似文献
10.
为了在资料同化中更好地应用多尺度同化技术,针对当前GRAPES多尺度3D-Var同化系统中背景误差协方差设置的缺陷,探讨如何引入随时间演变的多尺度信息的方法。首先,基于GRAPES模式集合预报系统,利用集合预报结果构造了新型的背景误差协方差,该新型协方差的标准差与相关关系能随着时间演变而发生变化,即具有时间依赖特征。然后,为了考虑背景误差协方差的多尺度特征,针对不同尺度背景场将该新型协方差进行不同程度的缩放,即假设不同尺度的背景误差单变量标准差与相关尺度以及多变量相关系数与原估计值之间存在一定的比例关系。通过选择不同的缩放系数,其对应的分析增量将产生不同量值与尺度的变化,即可对相应的分析场进行多尺度调整。 相似文献