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In order to clarify the statistical pattern by which landfalling strong tropical cyclones(LSTCs)influenced the catastrophic migrations of rice brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(stl)in China,the data of the LSTCs in China and the lighting catches of BPH that covered the main Chinese rice-growing regions from 1979 to 2008 were collected and analyzed in this work with the assistance of ArcGIS9.3,a software of geographic information system.The results were as follows:(1)In China,there were 220 strong tropical cyclones that passed the main rice-growing regions and 466 great events of BPH’s immigration in the 30 years from 1979 to 2008.73 of them resulted in the occurrence of BPH’s catastrphic migration(CM)events directly and 147 of them produced indirect effect on the migrations.(2)The number of the LSTCs was variable in different years during 1979 to 2008 and their influence was not the same in the BPH’s northward and southward migrations in the years.In the 30 years,the LSTCs brought more obvious influence on the migrations in 1980,1981,2005,2006 and 2007.The influence was the most obvious in2007 and all of the 7 LSTCs produced remarkable impact on the CMs of BPH’s populations.The effect of the LSTCs on the northward immigration of BPH’s populations was the most serious in 2006 and the influence on the southward immigration was the most remarkable in 2005.(3)In these years,the most of LSTCs occurred in July,August and September and great events of BPH's immigration occurred most frequently in the same months.The LSTCs played a more important role on the CM of BPH’s populations in the three months than in other months.(4)The analysis on the spatial distribution of the LSTCs and BPH’s immigration events for the different provinces showed that the BPH’s migrations in the main rice-growing regions of the Southeastern China were influenced by the LSTCs and the impact was different with the change of their spatial probability distribution during their passages.The most serious influence of the LSTCs on the BPH’s migrations occurred in Guangdong and Fujian provinces.(5)The statistical results indicated that a suitable insect source is an indispensable condition of the CMs of BPH when a LSTC influenced a rice-growing region.  相似文献   
2.
2017年12月22日至2018年1月18日利用无人机携带温、湿和颗粒物浓度探测仪对南京地区灰霾污染条件下大气边界层垂直结构开展加密观测。通过比较不同灰霾污染条件下温度、湿度和PM2.5(直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物)浓度的垂直结构差异,结合地面热通量、2米空气温度、相对湿度、风速、风向及主要大气污染物(如臭氧和PM2.5)浓度,定量评估了气溶胶辐射效应对边界层和夹卷过程的影响。分析表明,灰霾或气溶胶削弱到达地表太阳辐射,减小地表感热通量,延迟边界层发展,增加近地层大气稳定度,降低边界层高度,并加重灰霾污染。灰霾污染物在混合层顶处累积,导致PM2.5浓度最大变化出现在边界层顶部而不是近地层。气溶胶辐射效应对夹卷特征及其特征参数有重要影响。灰霾浓度升高时,夹卷区厚度增加;无量纲化夹卷速度随对流理查逊数的变化不再符合负1次方幂函数关系,与大涡模拟结果一致。本研究进一步指出,为提高重霾污染条件下天气和空气质量数值预报水平,必须考虑气溶胶辐射效应对边界层和夹卷参数化的影响。  相似文献   
3.
With the aim to examine variations in the migration phenology and population of N. lugens along with the advance/retreat of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) and lay the foundation for further study on predicting the timing and location of N. lugens outbreak, correlation analysis and spatial analysis were applied for estimating the impact of the ASM and its related meteorological factors on the migration phenology and population of N. lugens in China in this paper. The ASM had a positive effect on the occurrence and outbreak of N. lugens. First, the first appearance date of N.lugens was consistent with seasonal advances of the northernmost location of the ASM, and the ASM provided the dynamic condition for the northward migration of N. lugens. Second, outbreak of N. lugens occurred in the area under the control of the ASM, and the ASM provided the survival condition for the population of N. lugens. Third, the population was positively related to the northernmost location of the ASM, θ_E(850 hPa) and wind speed(850 hPa).Particularly, the stronger southwest wind caused the date of the first, peak and last catches of N. lugens to turn up earlier than in the extremely years.  相似文献   
4.
江苏省能见度时空分布特征及其影响因子分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探明江苏省能见度的时空分布特征及其影响因子,采用传统的统计学方法和主成分分析(PCA),详细分析了2012年江苏省70个自动气象站和常规气象观测台站的能见度、气压、相对湿度、风速等气象要素观测数据以及遥感大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)等资料,揭示了江苏省能见度的时空分布特征,评估了AOD、气象要素、雾霾天气等对江苏省能见度的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 江苏省的能见度呈早晨低、下午高的变化特征;(2) 空间分布差异较大且存在季节差异。具体而言,其年平均呈现东高西低分布特征,春季南低北高,夏季反之,而秋、冬两季则为东高西低;(3) 灰霾是导致江苏省能见度降低的最主要天气现象,其次为轻雾,雾引起低能见度的频次相对较少;(4) 江苏省能见度与AOD、相对湿度呈显著的负相关,与风速呈明显的正相关;(5) 通过数理统计分析发现,天气条件和污染物对能见度有重要影响。  相似文献   
5.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   
6.
淹涝胁迫对水稻植株叶片光合性能的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为提高水稻作物生长模型中淹涝胁迫对水稻生长和产量影响的定量评估能力,通过开展水稻盆栽淹涝试验,研究了不同淹涝胁迫程度对粳稻和籼稻植株叶片光合性能的影响,并将两者之间的关系进行了定量化,结果表明:1)两种水稻植株叶片的光量子效率AQE、最大光合速率P_m均随淹涝天数的增加而明显下降,全淹处理的下降幅度较大,受全淹处理8天后平均下降幅度近五成,而半淹处理的下降幅度较小,半淹处理8天后平均降幅约一成左右;叶片基础荧光F_0、最大荧光产额F_m和最大光化学效率F_v/F_m也均随着淹涝胁迫天数的增加出现不同程度的降低。2)植株叶片光量子效率和最大光合速率随淹涝深度和淹涝天数变化可用定量关系模型y=1-aH-bH~3T来描述,用独立的试验资料对该模型进行检验后表明,模型的模拟值与实测值有很好的一致性,两者的相关系数高、RMSE值低,模拟效果令人满意。3)全淹处理下,水稻植株叶片最大光合速率P_m和最大荧光产额F_m下降幅度具有较好的相关性,可运用荧光测定的信息来快速估计淹涝胁迫对水稻叶片光合速率影响的程度。本研究可为改进水稻模型中淹涝胁迫条件下的水稻干物质累积和产量的模拟提供依据。  相似文献   
7.
为了比较不同微物理方案、边界层方案和陆面方案对大雾过程模拟效果的影响,本文利用WRF模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)对江苏省高速公路网2011—2013年发生的21场大雾过程进行了数值模拟,探讨了模式不同参数化方案对大雾过程数值模拟的影响,确定了基于模式输出结果的成雾判别指标。研究结果表明:(1)综合考虑微物理方案、边界层方案和陆面方案对地面气象要素、高空温度及雾区分布等要素的影响,微物理方案选用WDM6方案,边界层方案选用QNSE方案,陆面方案选用SLAB方案时,雾的数值模拟效果最优;(2)在最优参数化方案设置下,兼顾气象业务部门有限的计算资源和较高的模式垂直分辨率,对21个大雾个例发生的大气背景进行数值模拟和诊断分析后发现:江苏省境内雾的预报指标应为模式最低层(30~40 m高度)液态含水量0.015 g·kg~(-1),或2 m相对湿度95%,且10 m风速3 m·s~(-1)。  相似文献   
8.
在南京市浦口和大厂的五大主要功能区(工业区、交通干线、居民区、蔬菜生产基地和风景区)分别布置采样点,共采集了75个菜地耕层土壤样品,以Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等典型污染重金属元素的全量数据为基础,运用经典统计分析、综合污染指数和地统计分析相结合的方法对土壤重金属污染进行评价。结果表明,Cd、Cu和Zn分别超出其南京地区土壤背景值的5.42、1.84和1.14倍,Pb未超出。不同功能区菜地土壤的重金属全量水平存在明显差异,其中工业区菜地土壤的重金属污染较为严重。对于Cd和Cu,单因子污染指数大于1的样点数达100%,Zn为52%,Pb为2.67%。研究区内菜地土壤重金属的综合污染指数为4.12,属于中度污染。Cu的空间相关性很弱,Cd、Pb和Zn具有中等的空间结构性;四种重金属的空间相关尺度较为接近。Cd、Cu和Zn的单因子污染指数具有相似的空间分布,总体呈现出南高北低的带状递减趋势,且高峰值具有空间分布的趋同性,而Pb的单因子污染指数分布呈现西北和东南两端高,中间较低的趋势。综合污染指数的空间分布显示,研究区大部分菜地土壤处于中度重金属污染水平,钢铁生产厂周边的斑块状区域重金属污染更加严重。  相似文献   
9.
为了探明公路路面积水(积雪)过程和干湿状况的变化及其气象因子的影响,以江苏省金坛试验基地试验路段的道路气象数据作为模型输入数据,利用改进的Sass道路积水物理模型对3次降雨(雪)过程中的道路积水量进行模拟,通过对模型模拟结果的分级和与仪器记录、人工观测结果的对比,验证模型模拟路面状况的准确性,并探讨了气象因子对路面积水量的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 改进的Sass模型可用于对道路干湿状况的模拟,且准确性较高,可推广到高速公路路面状况的实时监测和预报;(2) 排水过程中,径流和蒸发在不同时期对排水量的贡献率差异较大,从总量上讲,径流对排水起了主要作用;(3) 气象因子对道路积水的影响主要体现在降水量直接影响道路积水,而其他气象因子则通过对蒸发量的影响来间接影响积水量。   相似文献   
10.
利用0.5°×0.5°的GFS分析场数据和中尺度数值模式WRF,对2011年6月17—18日发生在江苏省南部地区覆盖沪宁、沿江及宁常高速公路的一次大暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析。经过AWMS实测数据及常规气象观测资料的验证,得到如下结论:(1)WRF模式对此次大暴雨过程的模拟结果较为理想,具有良好的预报能力;(2)高低空急流的耦合是本次降水过程爆发的主要动力机制,西南低空急流为此次降水提供了水汽输送通道;(3)雨区上空的垂直螺旋度在低层为正、高层为负;(4)干空气的活动对强降水的形成具有一定的指示作用;(5)强降水是导致公路交通能见度降低的重要因素,且水平能见度与降水强度成负指数关系。  相似文献   
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