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A set of micro pulse lidar(MPL)systems operating at 532 nm was used for ground-based observation of aerosols in Shanghai in 2011.Three typical particulate pollution events(e.g.,haze)were examined to determine the evolution of aerosol vertical distribution and the planetary boundary layer(PBL)during these pollution episodes.The aerosol vertical extinction coefficient(VEC)at any given measured altitude was prominently larger during haze periods than that before or after the associated event.Aerosols originating from various source regions exerted forcing to some extent on aerosol loading and vertical layering,leading to different aerosol vertical distribution structures.Aerosol VECs were always maximized near the surface owing to the potential influence of local pollutant emissions.Several peaks in aerosol VECs were found at altitudes above 1 km during the dust-and bioburning-influenced haze events.Aerosol VECs decreased with increasing altitude during the local-polluted haze event,with a single maximum in the surface atmosphere.PM2.5 increased slowly while PBL and visibility decreased gradually in the early stages of haze events;subsequently,PM2.5 accumulated and was exacerbated until serious pollution bursts occurred in the middle and later stages.The results reveal that aerosols from different sources impact aerosol vertical distributions in the atmosphere and that the relationship between PBL and pollutant loadings may play an important role in the formation of pollution.  相似文献   
2.
The objective of this study was to reconstruct light extinction coefficients (b ext ) according to chemical composition components of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in size (PM 2.5 ). PM 2.5 samples were collected at the monitoring station of the South China of Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES, Guangzhou, China) during January 2010, and the online absorbing and scattering coefficients were obtained using an aethalometer and a nephelometer. The measured values of light absorption coefficient by particle (b ap ) and light scattering coefficient by particle (b sp ) significantly correlated (R 2 > 0.95) with values of b ap and b sp that were reconstructed using the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) formula when RH was <70%. The measured b ext had a good correlation (R 2 > 0.83) with the calculated b ext under ambient RH conditions. The result of source apportionment of b ext showed that ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was the largest contributor (35.0%) to b ext , followed by ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 , 22.9%), organic matter (16.1%), elemental carbon (11.8%), sea salt (4.7%), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 , 9.6%). To improve visibility in Guangzhou, the effective control of secondary particles like sulfates, nitrates, and ammonia should be given more attention in urban environmental management.  相似文献   
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气候变化对环境空气质量影响的研究进展   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
回顾了国内外气候变化对环境空气质量影响的相关研究成果.已有研究表明,气候变化可以通过改变地面气温而加速某些大气污染成分(如O3)的前体物(如VOCs)的自然源排放,可以通过改变化学反应速率、边界层高度和天气系统出现频率等来影响污染物的垂直混合和扩散速度,还可以通过改变大气环流形势,进而改变污染物的传输方式;气候变化不仅...  相似文献   
4.
城市近郊常受到城区污染物扩散和输送的影响,2010年7月21日至8月6日利用β射线颗粒物连续监测仪和黑碳仪对北京西北郊区PM2.5和黑碳气溶胶(BC)进行了连续观测。结果表明,北京西北郊区夏季PM2.5和BC的质量浓度分别是(133.16±81.64)、(2.89±1.62)μg/m3。受明显的山谷风的影响,来自观测点东南方的城区的气流使PM2.5和BC浓度升高,来自观测点西北方向的风则使PM2.5和BC浓度降低。受局地排放、区域输送和气象条件的共同影响,郊区的PM2.5和BC浓度表现出明显日变化特征,二者浓度在上午、傍晚和夜间显著上升。  相似文献   
5.
PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m-3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.  相似文献   
6.
2007年春季广州城区黑碳气溶胶污染特征的初步研究   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
2007年4月利用黑碳仪(Aethalometer)、颗粒物在线观测仪(TEOM1400a)和现时天气现象传感器(PWD22)获得了大气细粒子中每5 min黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度以及每30 min PM2.5浓度及大气能见度观测数据。结果发现:黑碳日均值浓度为7.4±2.9 μg·m-3,变化范围分别为2.1~11.6 μg·m-3。PM2.5日均值浓度为77.4±35.9 μg·m-3,浓度变化范围分别为29.6~183.3 μg·m-3。黑碳小时浓度变化具有2个明显的峰值,主要与机动车尾气排放密切相关。黑碳浓度与PM2.5浓度呈正相关,与大气能见度呈负相关,相关系数为分别为0.707和-0.529,表明黑碳是PM2.5中的重要组成部分,对大气能见度的影响较显著。  相似文献   
7.
陶俊 《矿产与地质》2003,17(Z1):328-330
通过对汤丹矿区及汤丹铜矿床构造形迹和构造特征的分析和研究,揭示了汤丹铜矿的分布规律,特别是裂隙矿的分布规律和找矿方向.研究认为汤丹铜矿床是东川式铜矿床的基础,形成以后遭受了多期不同方向构造应力的作用和影响及变质作用和火山热液活动,这些热液活动对既成的层状矿加以改造和破坏.一方面沿节理裂隙贫化或加富了层状矿,另一方面沿断裂在有利的岩层和构造部位形成新的脉状富矿体.  相似文献   
8.
北京郊区夏季PM2.5和黑碳气溶胶的观测资料分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
城市近郊常受到城区污染物扩散和输送的影响,2010年7月21日至8月6日利用β射线颗粒物连续监测仪和黑碳仪对北京西北郊区PM25和黑碳气溶胶(BC)进行了连续观测。结果表明,北京西北郊区夏季PM25和BC的质量浓度分别是(13316±8164)、(289±162) μg/m3。受明显的山谷风的影响,来自观测点东南方的城区的气流使PM25和BC浓度升高,来自观测点西北方向的风则使PM25和BC浓度降低。受局地排放、区域输送和气象条件的共同影响,郊区的PM25和BC浓度表现出明显日变化特征,二者浓度在上午、傍晚和夜间显著上升。  相似文献   
9.
通过圆形基坑实例,推导单个环形支撑的水平刚度系数,提出了圆环支撑刚度系数的简易计算公式,利用其解析解作为支护结构单元计算刚度输入的初始数据,并通过启明星BSC计算软件及迈达斯GTS-NX三维有限元软件计算出的位移和内力及基坑开挖后实测的位移和内力对环撑水平刚度进行反推,并与解析解对比。结果表明:解析解计算出的环撑水平刚度系数较反推计算结果偏大。根据对比分析,对环撑水平刚度系数计算公式进行了修正,修正结果能基本与反推结果吻合,可为今后类似圆形深基坑的设计、施工提供参考。  相似文献   
10.
广州冬季大气消光系数的贡献因子研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
2008年1月1~31日和2月6~24日在广州城区每天采集一个PM2.5样品,对样品进行有机碳、元素碳及水溶性离子分析,利用美国IMPROVE能见度方程计算得到广州冬季大气消光系数.结果发现:冬季PM2.5 日均值质量浓度为89.0±53.4/μg·m~(-3),OC(Organics Carban)质量浓度为16.9±11.9μg·m~(-3),EC(Element Carbon)质量浓度为5.9±3.4 μg·m~(-3),水溶性离子总浓度为43.9±23.5μg·m~(-3).冬季大气消光系数均值为342±185 Mm~(-1).广州冬季大气消光系数主要贡献者为(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4NO_3、POM(Par-ticular organic matter)、EC和NO_2,对消光系数的贡献率分别为36.3%、14.5%、26.6%、17.4%和5.2%.  相似文献   
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