New observations and transit solutions of the inflated exoplanets HAT-P-40b and HAT-P-51b     

Diana P.Kjurkchieva  Nikola I.Petrov  Velimir A.Popov 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(2)

We present high-precision photometric observations of the transiting exoplanets HAT-P-40 b and HAT-P-51 b by the Rozhen 2-m telescope.The newly-observed transit of HAT-P-40 b is the first one with a complete curve.The orbital periods of the two targets were improved.We modeled the observed transits and found bigger stellar radii than those derived from the stellar models.The planet radii of HATP-40 b and HAT-P-51 b obtained from our transit solutions are bigger than the values calculated by the empirical relations for Jupiter-mass and Saturn-mass planets respectively.Their values reveal the highlyinflated nature of the two targets,especially that of HAT-P-51 b.We established that the best transit solutions correspond to a quadratic limb-darkening law.The fitted limb-darkening coefficients of HAT-P-40 are close to the theoretical ones while those of HAT-P-51 are a little different.The precise astrometric Gaia distances of the two targets are smaller by 6%–7%than the calculated values from the stellar models.We propose the Gaia distances to be used for improvement of the stellar models as well as for more reliable calculation of the parameters of the known exoplanets.  相似文献   

Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: Amethodology proposal     

Carlos R.AGUILAR-GóMEZ  Sergio FRANCO-MAASS  Tizbe T.ARTEAGA-REYES 《山地科学学报》2018,15(8):1693-1710

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services (PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.  相似文献   

卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王研  徐腾飞  李淑江  Susanto R. Dwi  Agustiadi Teguh  Trenggono Mukti  谭伟  魏泽勋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):47-57

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.  相似文献   

Depth of closure: New calculation method based on sediment data     

Luis Aragonés  Jose Ignacio Pagán  Isabel López  José C.Serra 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):198-207

Obtaining depth of closure (DoC) in an accurate manner is a fundamental issue for coastal engineering, since good results for coastal structures and beach nourishment depend mainly on DoC. Currently, there are two methods for obtaining the DoC, mathematical formulations and profile surveys. However, these methods can incur important errors if one does not take into account the characteristics and morphology of the area, or if one does not have a sufficiently long time series. In this work the DoC is obtained from the break in the trend of the sediment with the depth, that is, in general with the increase of the depth a decrease in the size of the sediment takes place. However, at one point this tendency changes and the size increases, and then decreases again. When comparing the point where the minimum sediment size occurs before the increase, it is observed that the error incurred is small compared to other methods. If the Standard Deviation of Depth Change (SDDC) method is considered as the most accurate method, the error incurred by the proposed method is less than 7%. In addition, it can be seen that the dispersion of the sediment method always occurs outside the zone of bar movement. Whereas in the methods of profiles survey (using 2 cm precision profiles), sometimes the DoC is obtained within the active zone of bar movement. In addition, where the relative minimum of the median sediment size is found, and the sizes of 0.063 and 0.125 mm predominate in the composition of the sample. Therefore, this new method allows the precise location of the DoC to be obtained in a fast and simple way. Furthermore, this method has the advantage that it is not affected by the modifications that may be experienced by both the study area and the cross-shore beach profile.  相似文献   

基于环境噪声的地幔间断面体波成像研究     

P.Poli  M.Campillo  H.Pedersen  李自芮 《世界地震译丛》2018,(1)

地震环境噪声互相关广泛用于地球岩石层的高分辨率面波成像。对在地球内部传播的地震体波进行类似观测将为我们打开一扇了解地球深部的窗口。本文介绍了如何利用地幔过渡带的顶部(410km)和底部(660km)间断面反射的P波噪声互相关来观测该地幔过渡带。数据表明,不利用震源也可绘制地幔过渡带高分辨率图像。  相似文献   

新的免费软件:钻孔地震数据处理与解释     

M.Farfour  W.J.Yoon  赵雷  燕云  赵龙梅  孙宏志 《世界地震译丛》2018,(1)

在地下成像和储层特征化中,垂直地震剖面(VSP)测量是一个重要的工具,这项技术可以使地球物理学家推断出其他方法无法获取的关键信息。MVSP是一个新的、具有图形用户界面(GUI)的MATLAB工具,用于垂直地震剖面炮点建模、数据处理和解释。该软件处理垂直地震剖面数据,从加载和预处理阶段到廊道绘图,以及集成测井数据和地震数据的最终阶段。一些地震和信号处理工具箱被集成和修改,以适应并完善处理和显示的软件包。开发该软件的主要动机是为地球科学领域的新地学科学家和学生提供免费软件,它将所有垂直地震剖面模块汇集成一个易于使用的软件包。该软件有几个模块,允许用户测试、处理、比较、可视化和生成可发布的结果。该软件开发成一个独立的MATLAB应用程序,只需要MATLAB Compiler Runtime(MCR)即可运行完整的功能。我们将详细介绍MVSP,并使用该软件来创建合成的垂直地震剖面数据。然后使用不同的可用工具来处理这些数据。并使用该软件加载和完全处理实际数据。最后,将该数据和测井数据相结合以进行更详细的分析和解释。为了评估该软件处理流程的准确性,使用商业软件处理相同的数据。对处理结果的比较表明,MVSP在处理垂直地震剖面数据方面和目前工业中使用的商业软件包同样高效,并且能提供相似高质量的处理后的数据。  相似文献   

地震预测评估方法(一)     

J.D.Zechar  张盛峰  陈时军 《世界地震译丛》2018,(4)

地震预测是地球科学有待解决的最重要问题之一。过去的10年间,地震预测研究重新得到重视,目前地震可预测性的试验在全球范围内开展。就这些试验而论,与预测评估有关的一些极其重要的问题有:详细的试验说明书、使用成功的量度,以及恰当的参考模型的选取。本文我们对这些问题逐一进行论述,并重点讨论前瞻性地震预测的检验。我们考察一般类型的地震预报,其预报格式可用二元表示。也就是说,对于任意给定的时空间隔,我们可推断给定震级尺度的地震是否发生。这种设定允许我们进行确定性预报和概率性预报的检验,并比较二者的结果。此外,这种检验因为实质上是许多"是"或"否"的累加,所以容易被人们所理解。作为二元性能的量度及其广泛可用性的介绍,我们考察了前兆逆向追踪法,即一种近来旨在预报破坏性地震的地震预测算法。我们介绍并分析了几种测量预测性能的方法,但是前兆逆向追踪试验结果可能还不稳定,因为到目前为止所发生的地震数量少。针对3项10年尺度地震活动性预报,即相对强度、图像信息和美国国家地震灾害区划图的试验,我们介绍由Molchan图得到的成功量度的"校验区技能分数"方法。利用这种试验并应用统计假设检验的方法,我们说明了选取适宜的参考模型的重要性,并表明增加模型的复杂性未必在预测效能上获得显著改善。在说明了将校验区技能分数用作效能的量值之后,我们较为详细地讨论其统计学性质以及相关的计算程序。根据这项工作以及以前的试验成果,我们用校验区技能分数探索区域地震活动性的演化并优化了简单预报模型。  相似文献   

里奥格兰德裂谷南部地壳结构的地球物理约束     

L.E.Thompson  A.A.Velasco  A.Zamora  M.Hussein  张晓曼  余庆坤 《世界地震译丛》2018,(4)

里奥格兰德裂谷仍有地质活动发生的证据,主要有第四纪断层作用、地震活动和裂谷低速扩张。利用绘制的地壳厚度与地震波速比所生成的约束地壳模型横剖面,来突出里奥格兰德裂谷南部的区域扩张。计算了147个台站的接收函数和它们的叠加,使用的数据包括地球透镜计划美国台阵移动阵列、以前收集的美国西南部数据,并使用克里金插值方法对地壳和速度结果进行了插值。再将上述接收函数结果作为反演密度剖面的一个约束条件,得到了一个新的、优化的重力反演方法。最终,得到了约束地壳模型。该模型显示里奥格兰德裂谷南部地区存在浅层莫霍面(30km),此结果比前人得到的要厚。在盆岭区,里奥格兰德裂谷西部地壳分层,接近大平原的里奥格兰德裂谷东部存在较厚的地壳,且伴有密度大的低速层。我们也发现特拉华盆地表现出显著的地球物理异常,其原因可能是该盆地存在厚的饱和沉积物。考虑到其他研究中并没有发现该区域有深部地幔异常,本文提出裂谷可能是上地幔小尺度对流的结果,并得出里奥格兰德裂谷处于盆岭区和大平原的最小边界处,也可能是板块俯冲的终点。  相似文献   

利用背景噪声校正海底地震仪钟差     

P.Gouédard  T.Seher  J.J.McGuire  J.A.Collins  R.D.van der Hilst  雷晨 《世界地震译丛》2018,(5)

地震记录中时间的精确性对于现代处理技术至关重要。然而,对于由无法直接通信的仪器组成的台阵来说,仪器之间的时钟同步是很困难的。通过全球定位系统(GPS)进行时间同步是陆上的一个选择,但不能用于水下测量,因为电磁信号在水中不能有效传播。如果时钟漂移是线性的,那么可以通过部署前后的全球定位系统同步来估计海底地震仪的时间校正。但对于很多应用来说,这还不够,因为在长时间的实验中,这种漂移的非线性部分可以达到数十到数百毫秒。我们提出两种技术方法来提取同步记录的海底仪器在部署完成之后的时间记录差异。这两种技术都是基于对地震背景噪声的互相关分析,即使时钟漂移是非线性的,也都是有效的。第一种称为时间对称性分析(TSA),易于应用但需要合适的解释,以使噪声互相关函数在时间上是对称的;第二种基于重复地震分析方法,没有这种限制。本文分别讨论了两种方法的优缺点。通过在两组海底地震仪数据集的实际应用,表明两种方法都可以将仪器时钟同步误差控制到约5ms以下(主周期的百分之几)。  相似文献   

综合地震和地质数据获得的坎特伯雷地震序列的震级—频度分布模型     

M.W.Stirling  F.R.Zuniga  杨国栋  张苏平 《世界地震译丛》2018,(6)

我们综合地质和地震数据获得了坎特伯雷地震序列的震级—频度分布模型。在确定分布曲线时,借机用新的数据解决了文献中的一个长期争议:对于断层或断裂带的地震活动性,究竟是古登堡—里克特关系还是特征地震模型描述得更好。结果表明,对于坎特伯雷地震序列的整个复合断裂带而言,若综合考虑古登堡—里克特曲线(拟合仪器目录数据)误差和格林代尔断层上大(主)震根据古地震推断的复发周期界限,震级—频度分布可用古登堡—里克特关系很好地描述。相反,对于格林代尔断层的较小区域,震级—频度分布用特征地震模型描述得更好。不同的就是尺度,因为坎特伯雷地震序列所代表的复合断裂带表现为古登堡—里克特分布,而该断裂带内的单个断层表现为特征地震分布。因此,地震风险模拟中震级—频度分布的确定必须考虑尺度因素,而不能简单地认为一条震级—频度分布曲线适用于所有断层情形。  相似文献