Notes on the appropriateness of "bred modes" for generating initial perturbations used in ensemble prediction     

BY RONALD M. ERRICO    ROLF LANGLAND 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1999,51(3):431-441

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Validation of surface fluxes in climate simulations of the Arctic with the regional model REMO     

ROLF. JÜRRENS 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1999,51(5):698-709

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A national landfill methane budget for Sweden based on field measurements, and an evaluation of IPCC models     

By GUNNAR BÖRJESSON  JERKER SAMUELSSON  JEFFREY CHANTON  ROLF ADOLFSSON  BO GALLE  BO H. SVENSSON 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2009,61(2):424-435

Seven Swedish landfills were investigated from 2001 to 2003. On each landfill, a measure of the total methane production was calculated from data on: (1) methane emissions (leakage); (2) methane oxidation and (3) from gas recovery.
Methane emissions were determined via a tracer gas (N₂O) release-based remote sensing method. N₂O and CH₄ were measured with an Fourier Transform infrared detector at a distance of more than 1 km downwind from the landfills. Methane oxidation in the landfill covers was measured with the stable carbon isotope method. The efficiency in gas recovery systems proved to be highly variable, but on an average, 51% of the produced landfill gas was captured.
A first-order decay model, based on four fractions (waste from households and parks, sludges and industrial waste), showed that the use of a degradable organic carbon fraction (DOCf) value of 0.54, in accordance with the default value for DOCf of 0.50 in the latest IPCC model, gave an emission estimate similar to the official national reports.  相似文献   

Year-round chemical aerosol records in continental Antarctica obtained by automatic samplings     

ROLF WELLER  DIETMAR WAGENBACH 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2007,59(4):755-765

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The pre-Holocene marine limit on Hopen, Svalbard     

ROLF ZALE  LARS BRYDSTEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1993,22(2):159-164

A pre-Holocene marine level is found at 109 m a.s.1. on Hopen. Fragments of Mya truncata and Hiatella arctica occurring on a raised coastal spit at that altitude have been radiocarbon dated to >45,000 BP. The amino acid epimerization of these shells, a clearly mixed sample, correlates with samples from Kongsøya that are of Eemian or Early Weichselian age (alloisoleucine/isoleucine ratios, hydrolysed fraction, between 0.084 and 0.213). No direct evidence, such as striations or roche moutonées, of overriding glacier ice has been found, and no erratics were found above the pre-Holocene marine limit. The existing Holocene shoreline displacement curve, with its upper limit at 60 m a.s.1., is supported by four new radiocarbon dates.  相似文献   

Rotor types associated with steep lee topography: influence of the wind profile     

ROLF F. HERTENSTEIN  JOACHIM P. KUETTNER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2005,57(2):117-135

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Development of Arctic sea-ice organisms under graded snow cover   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

ROLF GRADINGER  MICHAEL SPINDLER  DETLEV HENSCHEL 《Polar research》1991,10(1):295-308

In 1988, the short-term response of sea-ice organisms to manipulated changes in snow cover (no snow cover, natural snow cover, natural snow cover + black foil) was investigated in one ice floe located in the East Greenland Current northwest of Svalbard over a period of three weeks. Autotrophic organisms (flagellates and diatoms) were concentrated in the lowermost 30 cm of the floe. In the field without snow cover, the highest diatom concentrations were observed, consisting nearly entirely of pennate forms, together with a maximum bacterial abundance. The community of larger protozoa and smaller metazoa was dominated by ciliates. Under natural conditions the flora consisted of both flagellates and diatoms, while turbellaria were the dominating animals. In the darkened field, the organism concentrations decreased with time. The results indicate that brine drainage, induced by changes in ice temperature, can reduce concentrations of ice organisms over short time scales.  相似文献   

Glacial geological implications of preconsolidation values in sub-till sediments at Skorgenes, western Norway     

EILIV LARSEN  ROLF SANDVEN  HÅKON HEYERDAHL  SIGRUN HERNES 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1995,24(1):37-46

Bottomsets from glaciomarine deltas situated stratigraphically below and above the Weichselian maximum glaciation till at Skorgenes, western Norway, were tested for consolidation in an attempt to quantify the ice thickness at the time of deposition of the till. The value of the preconsolidation pressure in the lower unit (15 ± 1 MPa), indicates an ice thickness over the site of some 1350 ± 90 m. This is, however, only considered a minimum because values of preconsolidation pressures normally are lower than actual ice thickness would suggest due to incomplete drainage of the bed during consolidation. The estimated ice thickness indicates an ice surface some 400 m above the lower limit of the block field in the area, suggesting that this limit can not be used as a criterion for reconstructing the upper glacier surface for the Weichselian maximum glaciation in western Norway. Also, the nearest mountain peaks seemingly were completely ice covered, suggesting that no nunataks were present in that area.  相似文献   

The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area     

ROLF W. FEYLING-HANSSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1972,1(3):241-246

Feyling-Hanssen, R. W.: The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 241–246. Oslo 1st September, 1972.
In marine deposits from the southern Oslofjord area in Norway the boundary between Holocene and Pleistocene is found within a formation characterized by Arctic species, the so-called Yoldia Clay or zone A in the foraminiferal stratigraphy. The fossil assemblage on the Holocene side of the boundary is even poorer than that on the Pleistocene side, which is explained by the rapid Preboreal ice recession. The boundary is not conspicuously reflected in the faunas but still discernible and applicable.  相似文献   

Late Weichselian deglaciation in the Oslofjord area, south Norway   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ROLF SØRENSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1979,8(2):241-246

The older 'moraine lines' outside the Ra Moraine in the outer Oslofjord area have been correlated with events in Bohuslän, Sweden. Recent radiocarbon datings in the vicinity of the Ra Moraine and a radiocarbon dated sea-level curve for the Ski area show that the Ra Moraine was formed during the Early Younger Dryas, whereas the Ski Moraine was formed at the end of the Younger Dryas chronozone. An equidistant shoreline diagram together with a large number of marine limit observations have been used to establish the position of the glacier front during Late Younger Dryas and Early Preboreal chronozones. Reconnaissance mapping indicates a fairly regular recession with many short stops during the Bølling, Older Dryas and Allerød chronozones; at least two readvances to the Ra Moraine before 10,600 years B.P.; a rapid recession during the Middle Younger Dryas and a number of ice-front oscillations at the end of the Younger Dryas chronozone.  相似文献