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1.
Dissolution of water in magmas significantly affects phase relations and physical properties. To shed new light on the this issue, we have applied 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques to hydrous silicate glasses (quenched melts) in the CaO-MgO-SiO2 (CMS), Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-CaO-SiO2 and Li2O-SiO2 systems. We have also carried out ab initio molecular orbital calculations on representative clusters to gain insight into the experimental results.The most prominent result is the identification of a major peak at ∼1.1 to 1.7 ppm in the 1H MAS NMR spectra for all the hydrous CMS glasses. On the basis of experimental NMR data for crystalline phases and ab initio calculation results, this peak can be unambiguously attributed to (Ca,Mg)OH groups. Such OH groups, like free oxygens, are only linked to metal cations, but not part of the silicate network, and are thus referred to as free hydroxyls in the paper. This represents the first direct evidence for a substantial proportion (∼13∼29%) of the dissolved water as free hydroxyl groups in quenched hydrous silicate melts. We have found that free hydroxyls are favored by (1) more depolymerized melts and (2) network-modifying cations of higher field strength (Z/R2: Z: charge, R: cation-oxygen bond length) in the order Mg > Ca > Na. Their formation is expected to cause an increase in the melt polymerization, contrary to the effect of SiOH formation. The 29Si MAS NMR results are consistent with such an interpretation. This water dissolution mechanism could be particularly important for ultramafic and mafic magmas.The 1H MAS NMR spectra for glasses of all the studied compositions contain peaks in the 4 to 17 ppm region, attributable to SiOH of a range of strength of hydrogen bonding and molecular H2O. The relative population of SiOH with strong hydrogen bonding grows with decreasing field strength of the network-modifying cations. Ab initio calculations confirmed that this trend largely reflects hydrogen bonding with nonbridging oxygens. 相似文献
2.
Xianyu Kong Xiurong Han Min Gao Rongguo Su Ke Wang Xuzhao Li Wei Lu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2016,15(6):1014-1020
With the global ban on the application of organotin-based marine coatings by the International Maritime Organization, the development of environmentally friendly, low-toxic and nontoxic antifouling compounds for marine industries has become an urgent need. Marine microorganisms have been considered as a potential source of natural antifoulants. In this study, the antifouling potential of marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the toxic and red-tide microalgae, was investigated. We performed a series of operations to extract the bioactive substances from Amphidinium carterae and tested their antialgal and antilarval activities. The crude extract of Amphidinium carterae showed significant antialgal activity and the EC50 value against Skeletonema costatum was 55.4 μg mL?1. After purification, the isolated bioactive substances (the organic extract C) exhibited much higher antialgal and antilarval activities with EC50 of 12.9 μg mL?1 against Skeletonema costatum and LC50 of 15.1 μg mL?1 against Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae. Subsequently, IR, Q-TOFMS, and GC-MS were utilized for the structural elucidation of the bioactive compounds, and a series of unsaturated and saturated 16- to 22-carbon fatty acids were detected. The data suggested the bioactive compounds isolated from Amphidinium carterae exhibited a significant inhibiting effect against the diatom Skeletonema costatum and Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae, and could be substitutes for persistent, toxic antifouling compounds. 相似文献
3.
Distribution and Geochemical Implication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic Boundary 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
INTRODUCTIONThe Permian-Triassic ( Tr/P) boundary , datedto be (251 .4±0 .3) Ma ago ,is marked by the mostdrastic mass extinction of organisms in the Phanero-zoic .In order to explore the pattern and the cause ofthe mass extinction,extensive research has been fo-cused on biostratigraphy , isotopic chronostratigra-phy , event stratigraphy , ecostratigraphy and se-quence stratigraphy (Payne et al .,2004 ; Reichowetal .,2002 ; Yin et al .,2001 ;Jin et al .,2000 ;Zhanget al .,1996 ,1995 ;… 相似文献
4.
以四川省为研究区域,利用数理统计方法及GIS技术,采用资源丰裕度指数、变异系数、均衡度指数及均衡比系数,对A级旅游景区空间分布差异进行测度。结果表明：整体层面,旅游景区空间分布均衡程度由大到小依次是5A级景区、4A级景区、3A级景区、所有景区、2A级景区;市际层面,各州市旅游景区空间分布差异较大,旅游景区分布最多、丰裕度最高的是成都;四类均衡比系数显示,交通均衡比系数较小,其次是经济均衡比,表明交通和经济因素对四川省旅游景区空间分布影响最大,经济越发达,交通越通达,旅游景区空间分布越均衡;在此差异测算基础上,提出四川省旅游景区空间布局优化建议。 相似文献
5.
叶蜡正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成已经成为陆相沉积古生态重建的重要研究方法。现代过程研究是提升叶蜡正构烷烃指标解译的重要环节,而目前关于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素组成(δ13Calk)的季节性变化研究还比较有限。本文对两种典型亚热带落叶乔木（小叶栎、枫香）开展了为期2年的叶蜡烷烃δ13Calk研究。两个树种叶蜡烷烃的δ13Calk值在春季偏正,随后迅速偏负,秋季变幅较小,趋于稳定。这种季节性变化特征和初期利用储存的老碳而后期利用新合成的糖类有关。在生长季末期,两种落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃相对于叶片的碳同位素分馏系数处于-6‰～-8‰,相对于文献报道的平均值偏负,这可能是因为生长季后期仍有少量的长链正构烷烃合成。研究结果揭示,基于落叶乔木叶蜡烷烃单体碳同位素进行古环境重建时需要考虑环境信号的季节性。 相似文献
6.
Analysis of the potential field and equilibrium points of irregular-shaped minor celestial bodies 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The equilibrium points of the gravitational potential field of minor celestial bodies, including asteroids, comets, and irregular satellites of planets, are studied. In order to understand better the orbital dynamics of massless particles moving near celestial minor bodies and their internal structure, both internal and external equilibrium points of the potential field of the body are analyzed. In this paper, the location and stability of the equilibrium points of 23 minor celestial bodies are presented. In addition, the contour plots of the gravitational effective potential of these minor bodies are used to point out the differences between them. Furthermore, stability and topological classifications of equilibrium points are discussed, which clearly illustrate the topological structure near the equilibrium points and help to have an insight into the orbital dynamics around the irregular-shaped minor celestial bodies. The results obtained here show that there is at least one equilibrium point in the potential field of a minor celestial body, and the number of equilibrium points could be one, five, seven, and nine, which are all odd integers. It is found that for some irregular-shaped celestial bodies, there are more than four equilibrium points outside the bodies while for some others there are no external equilibrium points. If a celestial body has one equilibrium point inside the body, this one is more likely linearly stable. 相似文献
7.
Alpine wetland is one of the typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. It plays a crucial role in runoff regulation. Investigations on the mechanisms of water and heat exchanges are necessary to understand the land surface processes over the alpine wetland. This study explores the characteristics of hydro-meteorological factors with in situ observations and uses the Community Land Model 5 to identify the main factors controlling water and heat exchanges.Latent heat flux and therm... 相似文献
8.
贵州天柱磨山─油麻坳金矿化带地球化学特征及成矿作用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
贵州天柱磨山油麻坳金矿化带地球化学特征及成矿作用＊张杰余大龙李明琴张先煜杨勇俊（贵州工业大学资源工程系，贵阳５５０００３）关键词金矿化带金矿地球化学金矿成矿作用黔东天柱本文主要研究了黔东天柱磨山—油麻坳金矿化带内主要类型岩石矿石的地质－地球化学特征，... 相似文献
9.
三江源作为中国长江、黄河、澜沧江三条大河的发源地,其水汽来源和输送对于下游地区的天气和气候具有重要影响。根据1994-2019年三江源地区的夏季降水数据表明,三江源地区的夏季7月降水量表现为多次的正负异常交换特征,正异常最强的为2012年（+1290 mm）,负异常最强的为2015年（-802 mm）。本研究在此异常时段采用基于拉格朗日方法的FLEXPART模式进行模拟,后向追踪在研究时段内所有到达三江源区域的气块,着重分析了三江源在降水异常时段的水汽输送特征和水汽源地并评估了不同水汽源地对三江源区域内降水的贡献率。结果表明：三江源的水汽输送通道主要为南北两支,在降水正异常时段通过南支输送从青藏高原北侧、西侧和南侧进入三江源为主,在降水负异常时段通过北支输送从青藏高原北侧进入三江源为主,三江源的降水量越小,南支输送越弱,北支输送越强。三江源的潜在水汽源地对三江源区域内降水贡献最为重要的是青藏高原北侧,其次是青藏高原西侧和三江源本地,还有部分源地为青藏高原南侧、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾。青藏高原北侧在三江源降水负异常期间对三江源降水的贡献率有所增加,而其他水汽源地的贡献率减小。 相似文献
10.
Xianyu HuangPhilip A. Meyers Weichao WuChenglin Jia Shucheng Xie 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(2):156-165
The potential significance of the contributions of long chain iso and anteiso monomethyl alkanes (LC MMAs) from plants of the Lamiaceae, a family that includes many culinary and aromatic herbs of cultural value, to sediments and soil has been evaluated by analyzing 21 specimens from 16 species of Lamiaceae from different environmental settings in Hubei Province, central China, and comparing the results with those from tobacco plants, which are established to be rich in these compounds. Odd numbered iso-alkanes (i-C25 to i-C36) and even numbered anteiso-alkanes (a-C25 to a-C36) are abundant in the Lamiaceae (1.9-23.2% and 0.9-23.8% of total alkanes, respectively). The proportions of LC MMAs are relatively high and comparable to those in the tobacco plant. However, chain lengths in the Lamiaceae are longer than those in tobacco plants and compound-specific δ13C values are more negative than in the tobacco plants, potentially allowing distinction of their different origins. The results imply that Lamiaceae, in addition to some other land plants, can be important sources of LC iso- and anteiso-alkanes in sediments and soils. 相似文献