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用南京大学多尺度模式系统在不同区域进行了多种人为热源引入方案的研究,结果表明:考虑时空变化的人为热源按比例分别引入到地表能量平衡方程和大气热量守恒方程是将人为热源引入模式的最优方案.人为热通量密度变化的敏感性试验结果发现:人为热源的存在对城市热岛的生成有重要作用.计算结果表明,南京现有的人为热源排放量对该地区的城市热岛贡献率约为296%,若人为热通量密度在现有量值的基础上增大1倍,则其热岛贡献率可达429%;此外,人为热的排放对清晨城市边界层逆温结构有一定程度的破坏作用,能明显升高夜间近地层气温达05~10℃,并能使白天湍流活动的影响范围增大,混合层高度抬高,使夜间城市热岛环流的影响范围扩大. 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONOf three main methods for studying the radiativeforcing of anthropogenic sulfate and climatic responseon the regional scale, the first is, with given rates fortransforming SO2 to sulfate, converting actuallyreleased SO2 into sulfate and acqu… 相似文献
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李唐越器久称无赵宋官窑珍一孤簪花得句负奚奴北宋官窑,也称汴京官窑。相传北宋大观政和年间,徽宗在汴京(即今河南开封)附近设立窑场,专门烧制御用瓷器,此即北宋官窑。据南宋顾文荐《负杂录》记载:"宣政间京师自置窑烧造,名曰官窑"。这是有关北宋官窑的最 相似文献
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Study on Effects of Building Morphology on Urban Boundary Layer Using an Urban Canopy Model 下载免费PDF全文
An urban canopy model is incorporated into the Nanjing University Regional Boundary Layer Model. Temperature simulated by the urban canopy model is in better agreement with the observation, especially in the night time, than that simulated by the traditional slab model. The coupled model is used to study the effects of building morphology on urban boundary layer and meteorological environment by changing urban area, building height, and building density.It is found that when the urban area is expanded, the urban boundary layer heat flux, thermal turbulence, and the turbulent momentum flux and kinetic energy all increase or enhance, causing the surface air temperature to rise up. The stability of urban atmospheric stratification is affected to different extent at different times of the day.When the building height goes up, the aerodynamic roughness height, zero plane displacement height of urban area, and ratio of building height to street width all increase. Therefore, the increase in building height results in the decrease of the surface heat flux, urban surface temperature, mean wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy in daytime. While at night, as more heat storage is released by higher buildings, thermal turbulence is more active and surface heat flux increases, leading to a higher urban temperature.As the building density increases, the aerodynamic roughness height of urban area decreases, and the effect of urban canopy on radiation strengthens. The increase of building density results in the decrease in urban surface heat flux, momentum flux, and air temperature, the increase in mean wind speed, and the weakening of turbulence in the daytime. While at night, the urban temperature increases due to the release of more heat storage. 相似文献
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城市建筑动力学效应对对流边界层影响的敏感性试验 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文将大涡模拟应用于城市对流边界层(CBL)湍流结构和流场特征的研究,在大涡模式中,拖曳系数取与建筑物高度及建筑物高度标准差有关的表达式以考虑次网格建筑物对风速和湍流动能(TKE)的面积平均影响.模拟结果表明,由于城市建筑物对气流的拖曳作用,使建筑物冠层及整个CBL内风速大幅度减小,城市冠层内部风速减小尤为明显,在夹卷层内,风速有一明显的跃变.在边界层中部对流运动已经发展成为较强的热泡,城市建筑物的动力学效应使热泡的水平尺度增大,CBL内平均上升气流速度和下沉气流速度减小,同时使CBL中上升气流所占比例比平坦地面增大.城市建筑物使CBL低层热通量、动量通量、速度方差和位温方差明显增大,但对近地层高度以上的湍流量影响不大. 相似文献
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以2000年1、4、7、10月为例,利用区域气候模式,比较了模拟硫酸盐气溶胶分布和直接辐射强迫的在线模拟方法与固定SO2到硫酸盐转化率方法,并与全球模式的结果进行了对比检验。结果表明:在线模拟得到的主要结果与全球平均结果符合得很好,但固定转化率方法存在明显偏差;两种方法硫酸盐柱含量的差异在-4-12mg/m^2范围内,占在线模拟柱含量的42%以上,7月份差异最显著,1月份差异最小;大气顶辐射强迫差异在-1.8-0.4W/m^2之间,此差别占在线辐射强迫的26%以上;采用36.7%的固定转化率对冬季过大、夏季偏小,只有春秋季的江南部分地区适合。由于固定转化率方法不能反映温度、辐射、水汽、云水等气象要素的季节性变化对硫酸盐生成率的影响,因而对硫酸盐含量和分布的季节变化模拟存在偏差,这是导致上述差异的重要原因。 相似文献