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业已研制出一种可测量蒸汽干度和流量的新型高精度蒸汽测量系统，该系统由一个“Ｖ”维（差压仪）和一台涡流计（速度计）串联组成，并配有与电子数据记录仪相连接的温度与压力传感器，这些旨在实现现场监控的基本机械测量仪既耐用又价廉，经正在实验的蒸汽驱方案的试验证明该系统是有生命力的。Ｃｏａｌｉｎｇａ油田约有１００口注汽井，每口注汽井采用这项新技术后都证明其经济上是合算的。自蒸汽用于工业性ＥＯＲ作业以来，石油界 相似文献
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Stormwater runoff plumes, municipal wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps are important pollution hazards for the heavily populated Southern California Bight (SCB). Due to their small size, dynamic and episodic nature, these hazards are difficult to sample adequately using traditional in situ oceanographic methods. Complex coastal circulation and persistent cloud cover can further complicate detection and monitoring of these hazards. We use imagery from space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), complemented by field measurements, to examine these hazards in the SCB. The hazards are detectable in SAR imagery because they deposit surfactants on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with the surrounding ocean. We suggest that high-resolution SAR, which obtains useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, could be an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring of coastal marine pollution hazards in the SCB and other urbanized coastal regions. 相似文献
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The chemical composition and toxicity of a water soluble fraction (WSF) of oil versus the underlying water after in situ burning (ISB), has been studied in a laboratory experiment. A system for allowing water sampling after ISB was developed. Seawater samples and oil were collected prior to and immediately after ISB, and chemical analysis was conducted. The chemical characterization of the water showed that the disappearance of water soluble oil components during ISB was insignificant. Acute toxicity tests with the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus and Microtox® bioassay was performed to establish LC50/EC50 values of the water. The results were compared with regular WAF systems with unburned weathered oil, and indicated no increase in toxicity in the underlying water after ISB. 相似文献
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