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A case study of spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture in the Loess Plateau, western China： A geostatistical approach 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
BI Huaxing LI Xiaoyin LIU Xin GUO Mengxia LI Jun Prof. College of Soil Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Soil Water Conservation Desertification Combating Ministry of Education China Researcher Ji-xian National Ecological Station of China China Graduate student 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):63-73
Soil moisture distribution shows highly variation both spatially and temporally. This study assesses the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture on a hill-slope scale in the Loess Plateau in West China by using a geostatistical approach. Soil moisture was measured by time-domain reflectometry （TDR） in 313 samples. Two kinds of sampling scales were used （2 × 2 m and 20 ×20 m） at two soil layers （0-30 cm and 30-60 cm）. The general characteristics of soil moisture were analyzed by a classical statistics method, and the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture was analyzed using a geostatistical approach. The results showed that the spherical model is the best-fit model to simulate soil moisture on the experimental hill-slope. The parameters of this model indicated that the spatial dependence of soil moisture in the selected hill-slope was moderate. Even the 2 × 2 m sampling scale was too coarse to show the detailed spatial variances of soil moisture in this area. The dependent distance increased from 27.4 m to 494.16 m as the sampling scale became coarse （from 2× 2 m to 20 ×20 m）. A map of soil moisture was generated by using original soil moisture data and interpolated values determined by the Kriging method. The average soil moisture （area weighted） in the different layers of soil was calculated on the basis of this map （10.94% for the 0-30 cm soil layer, 11.88% for the 30-60 cm soil layer）. This average soil moisture is lower than the corresponding average effective soil moisture, which suggests that the soil moisture is not sufficient to support vegetation in this area. 相似文献
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Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
YU Xinxiao ZHANG Xiaoming NIU Lili Prof. Dr. Key Laboratory of Soil Water Conservation Desertification Combating Ministry of Education School of Soil Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Dr. China Institute of Water Resource Hydropower Research Beijing China Dr. ... 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):465-478
The runoff and sediment yield data from the Qiaozidonggou, Qiaozixigou, and Lu＇ergou watersheds, in the Loess Plateau of China are used to calibrate and validate the runoff and sediment yield simulated by GeoWEPP model of the WEPP Model at watershed scale. The indices of relative error, R, correlation coefficient, Re, and Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient Ens are used to evaluate the model fit. The eco-hydrological responses in the Luoyugou and Lu＇ergou watersheds are also forecast based on the WEPP Model. Meanwhile, the relation between vegetation pattern changes and sediment yield in the watershed is discussed, and the responses of runoff and sediment yield in the watersheds concerning forest growth stages are studied. The results show that the relative errors of simulated values of runoff and sediment yield are below 30%, the correlation coefficients axe above 0.90, and the Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficients axe above 0.80. The simulation results present satisfactory performance, thus, the model could be used to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in these small watersheds. It is also observed that soil erosion tended to become severe as precipitation increased in the watershed, while soil erosion has a decreasing trend as forest cover increases and vegetation pattern is optimized. When the watershed is fully covered by forest, erosion and sediment yield are minimized. When the forest cover is about 30% and evenly distributed in the watershed, the erosion intensity is lower than if the forest cover is collectively distributed in the watershed. Erosion varies with different forest growth stages in the watershed; it is more serious at the young and near planting stage and is the smallest at the mature forest stage. 相似文献
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库姆塔格沙漠,地跨新疆、甘肃2省区;东起敦煌鸣沙山、西临罗布泊、南依阿尔金山、北抵阿奇克谷地;面积超过2万km^2。境内气候极端干旱,地貌类型复杂、沙丘类型多样,是＂羽毛状沙丘＂在我国的唯一分布区。受自然条件和技术装备等制约,一直是我国八大沙漠中综合科考的最后空白。2006年,＂库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察＂被列为首批国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目,历时4年,取得了丰硕成果,填补了多项沙漠科考和研究空白。主要包括：（1）首次发现、命名并定义了＂沙砾碛＂这一库姆塔格独特的地貌类型;初步探明了该沙漠独有的＂羽毛状＂沙丘的形态学特征及形成过程;（2）基本探明了库姆塔格沙漠地表沉积物的矿物组成及2个主要物源端元,揭示了晚新生代沉积物特征和地层序列;（3）初步确定了库姆塔格沙漠地区古风成砂的形成时代,并阐明了该沙漠的成因和演化过程;（4）初步查清了库姆塔格沙漠地区现代水系分布及水文特征,绘制完成中更新世晚期、汉、唐、清、民国、现代6个时期的水系演变图;（5）首次确认了库姆塔格沙漠土壤类型及其发育过程和区域分布特征;（6）首次建立了全方位、全天候、全覆盖的库姆塔格沙漠气象观测场,实现了基于卫星传输的气象数据实时采集,初步摸清了羽毛状沙丘形成的动力条件及周边气候演变趋势;（7）基本查清了库姆塔格沙漠野生动植物种群、数量和分布区域,特别是发现了沙生柽柳、白花柽柳、侧花沙蓬等6种植物的分布新区;（8）系统调查了国家一级保护动物双峰野骆驼种群及其生境,对野骆驼的行为生态学进行定位观测研究;（9）完成了沙漠及其周边地区的生态经济功能分区,提出了＂大敦煌＂区域可持续发展的战略对策,为拯救敦煌绿洲、保护敦煌文化遗产提供了重要科学依据。 相似文献
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光释光测年和孢粉分析揭示的晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地演化过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用光释光测年技术对科尔沁沙地的7个风成砂-砂质古土壤剖面进行年代测试,结合地层和孢粉分析得到晚冰期以来科尔沁沙地的演化过程如下:16~10 ka B.P.,风成砂出现,沙地活化;10~3 ka B.P.,砂质古土壤发育,沙地固定;约3 ka B.P.前后,风成砂出现,沙地活化;3 ka B.P.至今,多层弱发育砂质古土壤和风成砂的交替出现,指示晚全新世科尔沁沙地的多次固定与活化;从约4~2 ka B.P.,沙地环境由草甸草原逐渐退化为典型草原。分析表明,3 ka B.P.以前科尔沁沙地的演化完全受气候变化的控制,之后(尤其是辽代以后)人类活动的影响日益增强。 相似文献
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从2006年到2009年,中国国家林业局与意大利环境国土海洋部合作,应用意大利机械化集雨抗旱整地造林技术——“瓦勒拉尼系统” 在内蒙古赤峰市进行造林试验示范。与传统的人工整地造林相比,降水利用率提高两倍,土壤紧实度降低82%,土壤含水率平均提高60%,造林成活率提高30%左右。对“瓦勒拉尼系统”整地造林各项技术参数的测试分析表明,该系统具有深耕集雨、快速高效、经济实用、适应性强等特点。该系统在集雨抗旱造林方面具有的优越性和先进性,为该系统在中国干旱区推广应用提供了科学依据和实用技术方法。 相似文献
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