Pedestrian network generation based on crowdsourced tracking data     

Xue Yang  Chang Ren  Yang Chen  Zhong Xie  Qingquan Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):1051-1074

ABSTRACT

Pedestrian networks play an important role in various applications, such as pedestrian navigation services and mobility modeling. This paper presents a novel method to extract pedestrian networks from crowdsourced tracking data based on a two-layer framework. This framework includes a walking pattern classification layer and a pedestrian network generation layer. In the first layer, we propose a multi-scale fractal dimension (MFD) algorithm in order to recognize the two different types of walking patterns: walking with a clear destination (WCD) or walking without a clear destination (WOCD). In the second layer, we generate the pedestrian network by combining the pedestrian regions and pedestrian paths. The pedestrian regions are extracted based on a modified connected component analysis (CCA) algorithm from the WOCD traces. We generate the pedestrian paths using a kernel density estimation (KDE)-based point clustering algorithm from the WCD traces. The pedestrian network generation results using two actual crowdsourced datasets show that the proposed method has good performance in both geometrical correctness and topological correctness.  相似文献   

甲醛法测定环境空气中二氧化硫的验证及探讨     

鲁海妍  谢海东  张珊珊  孔晓彦  何媛媛 《化工矿产地质》2020,42(4):356-360

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西昆仑玛尔坎苏石炭纪大型锰矿带构造背景与成矿条件     

张连昌  张帮禄  董志国  谢月桥  李文君  彭自栋  朱明田  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1340-1357

西昆仑北段玛尔坎苏地区探明的大型碳酸锰成矿带，是我国近年最重要的找矿成果之一。该锰矿带构造上属北昆仑晚古生代弧后伸展盆地，其构造动力学背景为古特提斯洋向北俯冲于塔里木地块之下形成的弧盆体系。锰矿体主要发育于晚石炭世喀拉阿特河组含炭泥质灰岩夹薄层灰岩中。矿石中主要金属矿物为菱锰矿（75%~95%），次为软锰矿、硫锰矿及少量黄铁矿等。含锰岩系岩性和岩相学研究表明，玛尔坎苏锰矿带属典型的海相沉积锰矿床，其矿床成因可能与晚古生代半局限盆地沉积和海底热液活动有关。海底热液活动可能为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。含锰岩系元素和同位素地球化学特征表明，玛尔坎苏锰矿沉淀时的水体环境为常氧条件，而矿层下盘（部分）岩系的岩性及地球化学特征反映其沉积时的水体环境为低氧—贫氧条件。玛尔坎苏锰矿带锰矿石具有负的δ¹³C值（-23.3‰~-10.0‰），推测有机质导致的还原作用是该锰矿由原生氧化锰在成岩期转化为菱锰矿和形成富锰矿的重要机制。  相似文献   

中国物理海洋学研究70年:发展历程、学术成就概览   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

魏泽勋  郑全安  杨永增  刘克修  徐腾飞  王凡  胡石建  谢玲玲  李元龙  杜岩  周磊  林霄沛  胡建宇  朱建荣  李均益  张正光  侯一筠  刘泽  田纪伟  黄晓冬  管玉平  刘志宇  杨庆轩  赵玮  宋振亚  刘海龙  董昌明  于卫东  连涛  陈朝晖  史久新  雷瑞波  刘煜  于福江  尹宝树  陈戈  王岩峰  李整林  熊学军  汪嘉宁  李晓峰  王永刚 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):23-64

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团，以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强，研究领域不断拓展，涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果，其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的“普遍风浪谱”和“涌浪谱”，发展了第三代海浪数值模式；提出了“准调和分析方法”和“潮汐潮流永久预报”等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法；发现并命名了“棉兰老潜流”，揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等，系统描述了太平洋西边界流系；提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流)；不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统，在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流，以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识；从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结；发展了浅海水团的研究方法，基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制，在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献；阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制，揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构，定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力；基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征，提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制；构建了“南海内波潜标观测网”，实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识；发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论，提出了海流“边缘不稳定”的概念，开发了海洋湍流模式，提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等；在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识，并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响；研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式，推出一系列海洋与气候模式；发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统；建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模 型实验平台；发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法，建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系，揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应；初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网；持续开展南北极调查研究；建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统，为中国气象减灾提供保障；突破了国外的海洋技术封锁，研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器；建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型，为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示，经过70年的发展，中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍，这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军。  相似文献   

基于树轮宽度重建川西南137年秋冬季平均气温变化     

谢成晟  李景吉  高苑苑  石松林  彭培好  杨兴  冯玮娜 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):252-263

在全球气候变暖背景下,青藏高原东南缘的川滇横断山高海拔地区秋冬季温度变化已经成为区域气候变化研究热点。为了更好地了解长时间尺度下秋冬季平均气温变化对树木生长的影响,本文运用泸沽湖地区丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis)树轮宽度资料,建立了标准年表。并基于气温与树轮宽度指数的关系,重建了过去137年来川西南地区的秋冬季平均气温波动历史。重建序列存在2个暖期(1911~1927 A.D.,1992~2015 A.D.)、1个冷期(1939~1991 A.D.)。与其他树轮序列、沉积记录及历史记录的比较和空间相关分析,显示重建结果可靠,且具有区域代表性。集合经验模态(EEMD)分解得到2 a、19 a和54 a的周期控制序列冷暖波动。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO),太阳黑子,太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)和北大西洋涛动(NAO)可能是以上周期的驱动因子.  相似文献   

Relative energy zero ratio-based approach for identifying pulse-like ground motions     

Liu  Ping  Li  Ning  Ma  Hua  Xie  Lili  Zhou  Baofeng 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2020,19(1):1-16

Pulse-like ground motions are capable of inflicting significant damage to structures. Efficient classification of pulse-like ground motion is of great importance when performing the seismic assessment in near-fault regions. In this study, a new method for identifying the velocity pulses is proposed, based on different trends of two parameters: the short-time energy and the short-time zero crossing rate of a ground motion record. A new pulse indicator, the relative energy zero ratio(REZR), is defined to qualitatively identify pulse-like features. The threshold for pulse-like ground motions is derived and compared with two other identification methods through statistical analysis. The proposed procedure not only shows good accuracy and efficiency when identifying pulse-like ground motions but also exhibits good performance for classifying records with high-frequency noise and discontinuous pulses. The REZR method does not require a waveform formula to express and fit the potential velocity pulses; it is a purely signal-based classification method. Finally, the proposed procedure is used to evaluate the contribution of pulse-like motions to the total input energy of a seismic record, which dramatically increases the seismic damage potential.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献   

Time-variant fragility analysis of the bridge system considering time-varying dependence among typical component seismic demands     

Song  Shuai  Qian  Yongjiu  Liu  Jing  Xie  Xiaorui  Wu  Gang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(2):363-377

This paper presents a copula technique to develop time-variant seismic fragility curves for corroded bridges at the system level and considers the realistic time-varying dependence among component seismic demands. Based on material deterioration mechanisms and incremental dynamic analysis, the time-evolving seismic demands of components were obtained in the form of marginal probability distributions. The time-varying dependences among bridge components were then captured with the best fitting copula function, which was selected from the commonly used copula classes by the empirical distribution based analysis method. The system time-variant fragility curves at different damage states were developed and the effects of time-varying dependences among components on the bridge system fragility were investigated. The results indicate the time-varying dependence among components significantly affects the time-variant fragility of the bridge system. The copula technique captures the nonlinear dependence among component seismic demands accurately and easily by separating the marginal distributions and the dependence among them.  相似文献   

西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式     

董志国  张连昌  董飞羽  张帮禄  谢月桥  查斌  彭自栋  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1358-1372

穆呼锰矿床位于西昆仑造山带玛尔坎苏锰矿带东段，研究程度相对薄弱。穆呼锰矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组，自下而上可分为角砾灰岩、钙质杂砂岩和含炭质泥灰岩3个岩性段，具有完整的海侵层序特征，反映了由逐步断陷到稳定沉积的盆地演化过程。锰矿层赋存于第三岩性段炭质泥灰岩中，矿石矿物主要为化学组分纯净的泥晶菱锰矿。根据详细的矿相学观察并综合前人研究成果，笔者认为菱锰矿是初始沉淀的锰（氢）氧化物与有机质通过成岩反应形成的。这种成矿机制需要3个基本条件：丰富的锰质来源、氧化还原分层的海水和有机质的大量埋藏。在穆呼一带，有利于满足以上条件的主要控矿因素包括：伸展拉张的构造背景、强烈的海底热液活动、海侵事件和温暖潮湿的古气候。笔者根据w（Ba）-w（P₂O₅）图解并结合区域对比分析，初步认为穆呼锰矿床的成矿模式可能属于最小含氧量带扩张型。  相似文献   

Classification of yearly extreme precipitation events and associated flood risk in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley     

Zhiqing Xie  Yin Du  Yan Zeng  Qian Miao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(9):1341-1356

Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events(RYEPEs)were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1979–2016 applying the statistical percentile method.There were five types of RYEPEs,namely Yangtze Meiyu(YM-RYEPE),Huaihe Meiyu(HM-RYEPE),southwest-northeast-oriented Meiyu(SWNE-RYEPE)and typhoon I and II(TC-RYEPE)types of RYEPEs.Potential vorticity diagnosis showed that propagation trajectories of the RYEPEs along the Western Pacific Subtropical High and its steering flow were concentrated over the southern YHRV.As a result,the strongest and most frequently RYEPEs events,about 16–21 cases with average rainfall above 100 mm,occurred in the southern YHRV,particularly in the Nanjing metropolitan area.There have been 14 cases of flood-inducing RYEPEs since 1979,with the submerged area exceeding 120 km~2as simulated by the Flood Area hydraulic model,comprising six HM-RYEPEs,five YM-RYEPEs,two TC-RYEPEs,and one SWNE-RYEPE.The combination of evolving RYEPEs and rapid expansion of urban agglomeration is most likely to change the flood risk distribution over the Nanjing metropolitan area in the future.In the RCP6.0(RCP8.5)scenario,the built-up area increases at a rate of about 10.41 km~2(10 yr)~(-1)(24.67 km~2(10 yr)~(-1))from 2010 to 2100,and the area of high flood risk correspondingly increases from 3.86 km~2(3.86 km~2)to 9.00 km~2(13.51 km~2).Areas of high flood risk are mainly located at Chishan Lake in Jurong,Lukou International Airport in Nanjing,Dongshan in Jiangning District,Lishui District and other low-lying areas.The accurate simulation of flood scenarios can help reduce losses due to torrential flooding and improve early warnings,evacuation planning and risk analysis.More attention should be paid to the projected high flood risk because of the concentrated population,industrial zones and social wealth throughout the Nanjing metropolitan area.  相似文献