Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1): UVSTAR-FUV Spectroscopy from the Space Shuttle     

Cristiano B. Cosmovici  Vojko Bratina  Gottfried Schwarz  Gianpaolo Tozzi  Michael J. Mumma  Roberto Stalio 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,301(1-4):135-143

We report here on unique post-perihelion (2.3 AU) measurements of Comet Hale-Bopp in the FUV-range (950–1250 Å) by means of the UVSTAR spectrometer from the space shuttle with the main purpose of searching for argon and other FUV emitters. New methods for separating the strong airglow emission at shuttle altitudes are here discussed in detail. Due to our low resolution (15 Å) and S/N ratio the possible rocket-borne detection of argon near perihelion (0.9 AU) could not be confirmed. New species as N₂ are suspected but difficult to separate from the strong airglow emission at shuttle altitudes. From the Lyα brightness (1.30± 0.08 kRy) a water production rate Q = 5.9 ± 0.4 × 10²⁹ molecules s^?1 could be derived and compared with other post-perihelion observations.  相似文献   

Burrowing Behavior, Substratum Preference, and Distribution of Schizaster canaliferus (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) in the Northern Adriatic Sea     

Gottfried O.  Schinner 《Marine Ecology》1993,14(2):129-145

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Prof. Dr. Eduard Rübel     

Gottfried Huber-Pestalozzi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1961,23(1):285-289

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Prof. Dr. August Thienemann     

Gottfried Huber-Pestalozzi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1961,23(1):290-295

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Die Tektonik der Eisenspatgänge von Grube “Georg” im Westerwald     

Gottfried Kneuper 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1955,44(1):376-390

Zusammenfassung Die Spateisensteingänge von Grube Georg wurden in einem Spätstadium der Faltung gebildet. Es sind Diagonalscherflächen, die im Bereich einer Achsenflexur aufrissen und an denen Abschiebungen stattfanden. Ihnen entsprechen weitere, nicht vererzte Abschiebungen.Nach der Gangbildung, aber noch während der Faltung, entstanden parallel den Faltenachsen jüngere Scherflächen (vorwiegend Überschiebungen).Jünger als die Faltenbildung sind gangversetzende, NE-streichende Seitenverschiebungen.  相似文献   

Inversion, error analysis, and validation of GPS/MET occultation data     

A. K. Steiner  G. Kirchengast  H. P. Ladreiter 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,17(1):122-138

The global positioning system meteorology (GPS/MET) experiment was the first practical demonstration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based active limb sounding employing the radio occultation technique. This method measures, as principal observable and with millimetric accuracy, the excess phase path (relative to propagation in vacuum) of GNSS-transmitted radio waves caused by refraction during passage through the Earth’s neutral atmosphere and ionosphere in limb geometry. It shows great potential utility for weather and climate system studies in providing an unique combination of global coverage, high vertical resolution and accuracy, long-term stability, and all-weather capability. We first describe our GPS/MET data processing scheme from excess phases via bending angles to the neutral atmospheric parameters refractivity, density, pressure and temperature. Special emphasis is given to ionospheric correction methodology and the inversion of bending angles to refractivities, where we introduce a matrix inversion technique (instead of the usual integral inversion). The matrix technique is shown to lead to identical results as integral inversion but is more directly extendable to inversion by optimal estimation. The quality of GPS/MET-derived profiles is analyzed with an error estimation analysis employing a Monte Carlo technique. We consider statistical errors together with systematic errors due to upper-boundary initialization of the retrieval by a priori bending angles. Perfect initialization and properly smoothed statistical errors allow for better than 1 K temperature retrieval accuracy up to the stratopause. No initialization and statistical errors yield better than 1 K accuracy up to 30 km but less than 3 K accuracy above 40 km. Given imperfect initialization, biases ≫ 2 K propagate down to below 30 km height in unfavorable realistic cases. Furthermore, results of a statistical validation of GPS/MET profiles through comparison with atmospheric analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are presented. The comparisons indicate the high utility of the occultation data in that very good agreement of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere temperature (better than 1.5 K rms, ≪ 0.5 K bias) is found for a region (Europe+USA) where the ECMWF analyses are known to be good, but poorer agreement for a region (Southern Pacific) where the analyses are known to be degraded.  相似文献   

Mean bulk densities of samples of dry atmospheric aerosol particles: A summary of measured data     

Gottfried Hänel  Jürg Thudium 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(4):799-803

Mean bulk densities of various samples of dry atmospheric aerosol particles sampled at different sites and during different seasons and weather situations range between 1.8 and more than 3 gm cm³.  相似文献   

Comment on the feasibility of using a crystalline detector for gamma-ray astronomy     

John R. Mattox  Gottfried Kanbach 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1988,147(2):381-382

We discuss the feasibility of using the coherent electric field in crystal as a means for gamma-ray astronomy. At 100 GeV, pair production is enhanced along the crystalline axis. However, the expected celestial gamma-ray flux at this energy is insufficient for this technique to be viable with a conventional-size satellite detector.  相似文献   

Über Gallertbildung beiCyclotella quadrijuncta (Schröter) Hustedt     

Gottfried Huber-Pestalozzi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1951,13(2):291-299

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Forward induced seismic hazard assessment: application to a synthetic seismicity catalogue from hydraulic stimulation modelling     

Amir Hossein Hakimhashemi  Jeoung Seok Yoon  Oliver Heidbach  Arno Zang  Gottfried Grünthal 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(3):671-680

The M _w 3.2-induced seismic event in 2006 due to fluid injection at the Basel geothermal site in Switzerland was the starting point for an ongoing discussion in Europe on the potential risk of hydraulic stimulation in general. In particular, further development of mitigation strategies of induced seismic events of economic concern became a hot topic in geosciences and geoengineering. Here, we present a workflow to assess the hazard of induced seismicity in terms of occurrence rate of induced seismic events. The workflow is called Forward Induced Seismic Hazard Assessment (FISHA) as it combines the results of forward hydromechanical-numerical models with methods of time-dependent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. To exemplify FISHA, we use simulations of four different fluid injection types with various injection parameters, i.e. injection rate, duration and style of injection. The hydromechanical-numerical model applied in this study represents a geothermal reservoir with preexisting fractures where a routine of viscous fluid flow in porous media is implemented from which flow and pressure driven failures of rock matrix and preexisting fractures are simulated, and corresponding seismic moment magnitudes are computed. The resulting synthetic catalogues of induced seismicity, including event location, occurrence time and magnitude, are used to calibrate the magnitude completeness M _c and the parameters a and b of the frequency-magnitude relation. These are used to estimate the time-dependent occurrence rate of induced seismic events for each fluid injection scenario. In contrast to other mitigation strategies that rely on real-time data or already obtained catalogues, we can perform various synthetic experiments with the same initial conditions. Thus, the advantage of FISHA is that it can quantify hazard from numerical experiments and recommend a priori a stimulation type that lowers the occurrence rate of induced seismic events. The FISHA workflow is rather general and not limited to the hydromechanical-numerical model used in this study and can therefore be applied to other fluid injection models.  相似文献