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排序方式: 共有132条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Jörg Geldmacher Kaj Hoernle Barry B. Hanan Janne Blichert-Toft F. Hauff James B. Gill Hans-Ulrich Schmincke 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(1):21-36
The broad belt of intraplate volcanism in the East Atlantic between 25° and 37° N is proposed to have formed by two adjacent
hotspot tracks (the Madeira and Canary tracks) that possess systematically different isotopic signatures reflecting different
mantle source compositions. To test this model, Hf isotope ratios from volcanic rocks from all individual islands and all
major seamounts are presented in this study. In comparison with published Nd isotope variations (6 εNd units), 176Hf/177Hf ratios span a much larger range (14 εHf units). Samples from the proposed Madeira hotspot track have the most radiogenic
Hf isotopic compositions (176Hf/177Hfm up to 0.283335), extending across the entire field for central Atlantic MORB. They form a relatively narrow, elongated trend
on the Nd vs. Hf isotope diagram (stretching over > 10 εHf units) between a depleted N-MORB-like endmember and a moderately
enriched composition located on, or slightly below, the Nd–Hf mantle array, which overlaps the proposed “C” mantle component
of Hanan and Graham (1996). In contrast, all samples from the Canary hotspot track plot below the mantle array (176Hf/177Hfm = 0.282943–0.283067) and form a much denser cluster with less compositional variation (~4 εHf units). The cluster falls between
(1) a low Hf isotope HIMU-like endmember, (2) a more depleted composition, and (3) the moderately enriched end of the Madeira
trend. The new Hf isotope data confirm the general geochemical distinction of the Canary and Madeira domains in the East Atlantic.
Both domains, however, seem to share a common, moderately enriched endmember that has “C”-like isotope compositions and is
believed to represent subducted, <1-Ga-old oceanic lithosphere (oceanic crust and possibly minor sediment addition). The lower
176Hf/177Hf ratio of the enriched, HIMU-like Canary domain endmember indicates the contribution of oceanic lithosphere with somewhat
older recycling ages of ≥1 Ga. 相似文献
2.
Jun Zhao Hans-Ulrich Peter Haisheng Zhang Zhengbing Han Chuanyu Hu Peisong Yu Bing Lu Thomas S. Bianchi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):437-444
The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni?o/La Ni?a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni?o and La Ni?a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon (POC), and sea surface temperature (SST) indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms (indicated by Chl-a and POC) preceded the increases in SST during El Ni?o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni?a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid (brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones) biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes) changed significantly between El Ni?o and La Ni?a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni?o years, while it was reversed during La Ni?a years. 相似文献
3.
Results of the DEKORP 1 (BELCORP-DEKORP) deep seismic reflection studies in the western part of the Rhenish Massif 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DEKORP Research GroupH.-J. Anderle R. Bittner R. Bortfeld J. Bouckaert G. Büchel G. Dohr H.-J. Dürbaum H. Durst W. Fielitz E. Flüh T. Gundlach L. Hance A. Henk F. Jordan D. Kläschen M. Klöckner R. Meissner W. Meyer O. Oncken C. Reichert K.-H. Ribbert P. Sadowiak H.-U. Schmincke J. Schmoll R. Walter K. Weber U. Weihrauch Th. Wever 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,106(1):203-227
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对南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛贼鸥的食性生态进行观测与研究 ,结果表明 ,本区贼鸥的食物结构中 ,自然生态类食物百分组成 ,棕贼鸥 (C .s.lonnbergi)占 63.4% ,灰贼鸥 (C .maccormic ki)占 77.8%。同期 ,取自考察站的人类废弃物中垃圾食物的百分组成分别为 36.6%和 2 2 .3%。贼鸥食性对考察站废弃物有一定的依赖性 ,与本区环境质量下降 ,尤其考察站对废弃物的疏于管理有着直接的关系。由此表明 ,强化南极考察人员环境意识 ,建立封闭式废弃物管理系统 ,对保护南极环境有重要意义 相似文献
9.
Composition and evolution of submarine volcanic rocks from the central and western Canary Islands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M.?AbratisEmail author H.-U.?Schmincke T.?Hansteen 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2002,91(4):562-582
Submarine volcanic rocks dredged during RV Meteor cruise M43-1 comprise alkali basalts, basanites, nephelinites and their differentiates representing both basement-shield and young post-shield volcanics of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. The primitive lavas vary widely in trace element composition (e.g., Zr/Y=6.6-11.7, (La/Sm)N=2.3-5.4, and Ba/Yb=71-311), and they are characterized by steep, rare-earth element patterns with mean (La/Yb)N=16, and by pronounced, positive primitive mantle-normalized Nb and Ta and negative K anomalies similar to HIMU-type basalts. Rocks from the submarine flanks west and north of Gran Canaria are isotopically and geochemically identical to rocks of the subaerial Miocene shield stage, but they are distinct from rocks of the post-shield stages (Zr/Nb=6.3-8.9, 87Sr/86Sr=0.70327-0.70332, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51289-0.51293, 206Pb/204Pb=19.55-19.88). Most rocks dredged from the submarine flanks of Tenerife are isotopically and geochemically similar to rocks of the adjacent subaerial shield remnants, but a few resemble rocks of the subaerial post-shield stages (total range in Zr/Nb=4.6-6.1, 87Sr/86Sr=0.70300-0.70329, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51281-0.51292, 206Pb/204Pb=19.51-19.96). Rocks from the southern submarine ridge of La Palma cover the entire compositional range of the subaerial rocks of that ridge. Additionally, they comprise a high Zr/Nb group which resembles rocks of the ca. 1-Ma-old Taburiente shield of northern La Palma (total range in Zr/Nb=3.0-6.4, 87Sr/86Sr=0.70297-0.70314, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51288-0.51296, 206Pb/204Pb=19.21-19.79). Rocks from the southern submarine ridge of El Hierro compositionally resemble subaerial rocks of the island (Zr/Nb=4.1-6.2, 87Sr/86Sr=0.70296-0.70314, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51291-0.51297, 206Pb/204Pb=19.25-19.91). The degree of melting in the subcanarian mantle is interpreted to decrease from east to west across the archipelago whereas the proportion of depleted mantle component in the melting anomaly increases, as illustrated by Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes. The isotopic characteristics of the mantle source beneath the Canary Islands represents a mixture of HIMU, DMM and EM I. The overall isotopic signature is intermediate between that of Madeira to the north, which trends towards more depleted compositions, and that of the Cape Verde Islands to the south which shows a pronounced trend towards enriched mantle compositions. A clear trend towards the EM II component is only evident in more evolved rocks dredged from a seamount between Tenerife and Gran Canaria, some of which contain terrigenous sedimentary xenoliths. We propose a genetic model which relates similar mantle source signatures of volcanic archipelagos off West Africa to a common, large-scale lower mantle upwelling which, according to geophysical data, becomes more diffuse in the upper mantle. Narrow plumes or blobs feeding the volcanic centers along the passive margin may rise from this thermal anomaly due to upwelling in small, continent-parallel upper-mantle convection cells. 相似文献
10.
Volcanic gases such as SO 2, H 2S, HCl and COS emitted during explosive eruptions significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and therefore the Earth's climate. We have evaluated the dependence of volcanic gas emission into the atmosphere on altitude, latitude, and tectonic setting of volcanoes and on the season in which eruptions occurred. These parameters markedly influence final stratospheric gas loading. The latitudes and altitudes of 360 active volcanoes were compared to the height of the tropopause to calculate the potential quantity of volcanic gases injected into the stratosphere. We calculated a possible stratospheric gas loading based on different volcanic plume heights (6, 10, and 15 km) generated by moderate-scale explosive eruptions to show the importance of the actual plume height and volcano location. At a plume height of 15 km for moderate-scale explosive eruptions, a volcano at sea level can cause stratospheric gas loading because the maximum distance to the tropopause is 15–16 km in the equatorial region (0–30°). Eruptions in the tropics have to be more powerful to inject gas into the stratosphere than eruptions at high latitudes because the tropopause rises from ca. 9–11 km at the poles to 15–16 km in the equatorial region (0–30°N and S). The equatorial region is important for stratospheric gas injection because it is the area with the highest frequency of eruptions. Gas injected into the stratosphere in equatorial areas may spread globally into both hemispheres. 相似文献