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T. S. R. Babbedge M. Rowan-Robinson M. Vaccari J. A. Surace C. J. Lonsdale D. L. Clements F. Fang D. Farrah A. Franceschini E. Gonzalez-Solares E. Hatziminaoglou C. G. Lacey S. Oliver N. Onyett I. Pérez-Fournon M. Polletta F. Pozzi G. Rodighiero D. L. Shupe B. Siana H. E. Smith 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(3):1159-1180
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C. M. Baugh C. G. Lacey C. S. Frenk G. L. Granato L. Silva A. Bressan A. J. Benson S. Cole 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,356(3):1191-1200
We present predictions for the abundance of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the Λ cold dark matter cosmology. A key feature of our model is the self-consistent calculation of the absorption and emission of radiation by dust. The new model successfully matches the LBG luminosity function, as well as reproducing the properties of the local galaxy population in the optical and infrared. The model can also explain the observed galaxy number counts at 850 μm, but only if we assume a top-heavy initial mass function for the stars formed in bursts. The predicted redshift distribution of SMGs depends relatively little on their flux over the range 1–10 mJy, with a median value of z ≈ 2.0 at a flux of 5 mJy, in good agreement with the recent measurement by Chapman et al. The counts of SMGs are predicted to be dominated by ongoing starbursts. However, in the model these bursts are responsible for making only a few per cent of the stellar mass locked up in massive ellipticals at the present day. 相似文献
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A number of studies have indicated that the long term habitability of Kiribati, a low‐lying country in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, is tenuous given the impacts of climate change, particularly sea level rise. In an effort to plan for the resultant challenges ahead, a number of national policies and programs have surfaced to reduce the impact of localized changes on people's livelihoods. This study explores how local community members (n = 60) have taken it upon themselves to respond to the impacts of climate change by utilizing a number of different strategies. The results highlight that: first, respondents consider climate change to be the most concerning issue for sustaining their livelihoods; second, respondents have built physical defences, relocated temporarily or permanently, and sought government assistance to adapt to localized climate‐related impacts; and third, the majority of respondents indicated that they would migrate as a long term strategy to respond to the future impacts of climate change. 相似文献
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Regional variability in dust‐on‐snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. McKenzie Skiles Thomas H. Painter Jayne Belnap Lacey Holland Richard L. Reynolds Harland L. Goldstein John Lin 《水文研究》2015,29(26):5397-5413
Dust deposition onto mountain snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin frequently occurs in the spring when wind speeds and dust emission peaks on the nearby Colorado Plateau. Dust loading has increased since the intensive settlement in the western USA in the mid 1880s. The effects of dust‐on‐snow have been well studied at Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in the San Juan Mountains, CO, the first high‐altitude area of contact for predominantly southwesterly winds transporting dust from the southern Colorado Plateau. To capture variability in dust transport from the broader Colorado Plateau and dust deposition across a larger area of the Colorado River water sources, an additional study plot was established in 2009 on Grand Mesa, 150 km to the north of SBBSA in west central, CO. Here, we compare the 4‐year (2010–2013) dust source, deposition, and radiative forcing records at Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP) and Swamp Angel Study Plot (SASP), SBBSA's subalpine study plot. The study plots have similar site elevations/environments and differ mainly in the amount of dust deposited and ensuing impacts. At SASP, end of year dust concentrations ranged from 0.83 mg g?1 to 4.80 mg g?1, and daily mean spring dust radiative forcing ranged from 50–65 W m?2, advancing melt by 24–49 days. At GMSP, which received 1.0 mg g?1 less dust per season on average, spring radiative forcings of 32–50 W m?2 advanced melt by 15–30 days. Remote sensing imagery showed that observed dust events were frequently associated with dust emission from the southern Colorado Plateau. Dust from these sources generally passed south of GMSP, and back trajectory footprints modelled for observed dust events were commonly more westerly and northerly for GMSP relative to SASP. These factors suggest that although the southern Colorado Plateau contains important dust sources, dust contributions from other dust sources contribute to dust loading in this region, and likely account for the majority of dust loading at GMSP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献