A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces     

Taotao Zhang  Yang Xiao  Dongfang Liang  Hongwu Tang  Junzeng Xu  Saiyu Yuan  Nairu Wang  Bin Luan 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14152

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.  相似文献   

南海北部西沙海槽沉积物管状黄铁矿特征及其形成机理^*          下载免费PDF全文

石思思  吴朝东  梁金强  王熠哲  叶云涛  方允鑫  马健  翟俪娜 《古地理学报》2020,22(1):175-192

南海北部西沙海槽S1站位的岩心柱沉积物中广泛发育自生矿物黄铁矿,其形态以管状为主,且具有内部中空的圈层结构。使用扫描电镜、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS、SIMS等测试方法研究了管状黄铁矿的形态及圈层结构,结果显示: (1)管状黄铁矿发育内部中空的圈层结构,其中内圈层(I_py)由莓球状黄铁矿呈五角十二面体紧密堆积组成,外圈层(O_py)由晶形较好晶粒较大的八面体黄铁矿组成,并混有沉积碎屑及钙质生物壳体;(2)内圈层和外圈层分别呈现出贫S富Fe和富S贫Fe的特征,其成因是甲烷渗漏造成的局部还原环境使得As进入黄铁矿中导致晶格空缺或被扭曲,从而促进Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Pb等微量元素的掺入;(3)内圈层、外圈层发生了明显的硫同位素分馏现象,内圈层中 δ³⁴S 平均为-37.8‰,外圈层中 δ³⁴S 平均为-29.3‰。研究认为,管状黄铁矿作为曾经甲烷渗漏的通道,其生长机制可分为3个阶段: (1)气水通道形成阶段: 向上运移的甲烷流体在沉积物孔隙中逐渐形成气水通道;(2)外圈层形成阶段: 当向上运移的甲烷与硫酸盐发生甲烷厌氧氧化时,逐渐形成晶体较大、晶形较好的八面体黄铁矿外圈层;(3)内圈层形成阶段: 随着甲烷浓度逐渐降低,在气水通道中的微生物作用下,剩余甲烷与向下运移的硫酸盐继续反应形成莓球状黄铁矿内圈层。因此,南海北部的泥岩中大量发育的管状黄铁矿常常与地层中甲烷水合物的存在有关。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷西斜坡三叠系百口泉组扇三角洲优质储集层预测          下载免费PDF全文

桑林翔  刘军  王贵文  王苏天  李全  张云龙 《古地理学报》2020,22(6):1053-1064

针对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷西斜坡风南地区三叠系百口泉组扇三角洲砂岩物性空间变化大、优质储集层(孔隙度大于7.4%,渗透率大于0.05×10^-3μm²)预测难的问题,在沉积岩石学、地震沉积学以及地震反演和解释理论指导下,综合利用测井、岩心和三维地震等资料开展了高精度层序地层划分、沉积微相描述和优质储集层地震反演研究。建立了风南井区四级层序地层格架,明确了扇三角洲多期水进水退的充填过程,指出SSQ3和SSQ5是优质储集层的发育层系;识别出扇三角洲平原分流河道、河道间和扇三角洲前缘水下分流水道、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相,指出扇三角洲平原是优质储集层发育相带;通过应用高分辨层序地层纵向边界和沉积相横向边界约束,进行分层相控叠后地震波阻抗反演,提升储集层预测精度,在SSQ3和SSQ5预测5个优质储集层发育区,提出3口井的井位建议,钻探均获工业油流。  相似文献   

Study on multiple induced polarization parameters in groundwater exploration in Bashang poverty alleviation area of Heibei Province,China          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Zhi-yuan  TAN Ding  CHEN Zhi-bin  WEI Yun-fei  CHAI Quan  CHEN Xiao-hang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):274-280

The study examines a water exploration and poverty alleviation project in Guyuan county. The study analyzes correlations between aquifers and multiple induced polarization (IP) parameters, including resistivity, polarizability, deviation, half decay time, water-bearing factors, and Kc, a new parameter refined in this study. Based on the study, the well was placed accurately, and its maximum water inflow reached 30 m³/h. Kc value highlights the rate of change at early stages of IP secondary field. Kc value served as a quick indicator in this groundwater prospecting and is validated in practice. Progress has been made in finding new parameters in exploring water with IP method. Thanks to the project, local people have access to water and poverty alleviation has scored some achievements.  相似文献   

Cyclical one-way continental rupture-drift in the Tethyan evolution: Subduction-driven plate tectonics     

Wan  Bo  Wu  Fuyuan  Chen  Ling  Zhao  Liang  Liang  Xiaofeng  Xiao  Wenjiao  Zhu  Rixiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2005-2016

Numerous continents have rifted and drifted away from Gondwana to repeatedly open ocean basins over the past-500 millionyears.These Gondwana-derived continents drifted towards and collided with components of the Eurasian continent to successively close the preexisting oceans between the two.Plate tectonics satisfactorily describes the continental drift from Gondwana to Eurasia but does not define the geodynamic mechanism of continuously rifting to collisions of continents in the Tethy an Realm.After reappraisal of geological records of the rift,collision and subduction initiation from the surface and various geophysical observations from depth,we propose that Eurasia-directed subducting oceanic slabs would have driven Tethyan system in the Phanerozoic.The Eurasia-directed subduction would have dragged the passive Gondwana margin to rift and drift northwards,giving birth to new oceans since the Paleozoic.The closure of preexisting oceans between the Gondwana-derived continents and Eurasia led to continental collisions,which would have induced the initiation of oceanic subduction in the Tethyan Realm.Multiple episodic switches between collision-subduction-rift repeatedly led to the separation of continental fragments from Gondwana and dragged them to drift towards Eurasia.The final disappearance of Neo-Tethy s would have induced collision of the Gondwana-derived continents with the Eurasian continent,giving rise to the Cenozoic Alpine-Zagros-Himalayan collisional system.Therefore,the Eurasia-directed oceanic subduction would have acted as a 'one-way train' that successively transferred the ruptured Gondwana continental fragments in the south,into the terminal in the north.In this regard,the engine of this "Tethyan one-way train" is the negative buoyancy of subducting oceanic slabs.  相似文献   

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Hydrolase That Can Specifically Degrade the Polysaccharide Isolated from Green Seaweed Ulva prolifera     

LI Jiaxin  ZHANG Pei  HONG Liang  LIU Chenguang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1)

The extracellular polysaccharide hydrolase-producing strain EP-1 was isolated from seawater and identified as Paenibacillus pabuli. Furthermore, a homogeneous extracellular polysaccharide hydrolase from Paenibacillus pabuli EP-1 was purified by combining ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography with a purification fold of 90.69 and recovery of 16.23%. Characterization of the purified polysaccharide hydrolase revealed a molecular mass of 38 k Da and optimum activity at 45℃ and pH 6.0. The polysaccharide hydrolase maintained its stability within a wide range of pH(3.0–12.0) and thermal stability when the temperature was below 50℃. The presence of Hg~(2+), Fe~(2+), Mn~(2+), Co~(2+) and SDS notably decreased hydrolase activity, and organic solvents such as formaldehyde, acetone, DMF and acetonitrile completely inhibited hydrolase activity. The purified hydrolase had no activity on agar, carrageenan, gellan gum, sodium alginate, or starch, but effectively hydrolyzed the polysaccharide from Ulva prolifera. The Km and Vmax values of this hydrolase were 43.84 mg m L~(-1) and 4.33 mg m L~(-1) min~(-1), respectively. The sequence analysis with quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that the hydrolase was an endoglucanase.  相似文献   

Rockfall seismic features analysis based on in situ tests:frequency,amplitude, and duration     

Liang FENG  Veronica PAZZI  Emanuele INTRIERI  Teresa GRACCHI  Giovanni GIGLI 《山地科学学报》2019,(5)

In the seismic event classification,determining the seismic features of rockfall is significantly important for the automatic classification of seismic events because of the huge amount of raw data recorded by seismic stations in continuous monitoring. At the same time, the rockfall seismic features are still not completely understood.This study concentrates on the rockfall frequency content, amplitude(ground velocity), seismic waveform and duration analysis, of an artificial rockfall test at Torgiovannetto(a former quarry in Central Italy). A total of 90 blocks were released in the test, and their seismic signals and moving trajectories were recorded by four tri-axial seismic stations and four cameras, respectively. In the analysis processing,all the artificial rockfall signal traces were cut separately and the seismic features were extracted individually and automatically. In this study, the relationships between a) frequency content and impacted materials, b) frequency content and the distance between block releasing position and seismic station(source-receiver distance) were discussed. As a result, we found that the frequency content of rockfall focuses on 10-60 Hz and 80-90 Hz within a source-receiver distance of 200 m, and it is well correlated with impacted material and source-receiver distance. To evaluate the difference between earthquake and rockfall, 23 clear earthquake signals recorded in a seven month-long continuous seismic monitoring, carried out with the four seismic stations, were picked out, according to the Italian national earthquakes database(INGV). On these traces we performed the same analysis as in the artificial rockfall traces, and two parameters were defined to separate rockfall events from earthquake noise. The first one, the amplitude ratio, is related to the amplitude variation of rockfall between two stations and is greater than that of earthquakes, because of the higher attenuation occurring for rockfall events, which consists in high frequencies whereas for earthquakes it consists in low frequencies. The other parameter, the shape of waveform of signal trace, showed a significant difference between rockfall and earthquake and that could be a complementary feature to discriminate between both. This analysis of artificial rockfall is a first step helpful to understand the seismic characteristics of rockfall, and useful for rockfall seismic events classification in seismic monitoring of slope.  相似文献   

考虑填充墙影响的钢筋混凝土厂房结构地震易损性分析     

梁志强  徐超  温增平 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):707-718

采用对角斜撑模拟纵向填充墙的作用，建立考虑填充墙和不考虑填充墙厂房结构模型，采用拉丁超立方抽样技术建立考虑材料不确定性的结构分析样本，基于随机Pushover分析确定结构不同破坏状态下的统计参数。综合考虑结构材料强度及输入地震动不确定性的影响，通过非线性时程分析开展单层钢筋混凝土厂房结构易损性研究，在此基础上比较结构横、纵向易损性的差异，研究填充墙对结构易损性的影响。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土厂房结构体系横向地震易损性显著大于纵向地震易损性；对纵向结构体系而言，加入填充墙会明显降低结构易损性，但在相同强度的地震动作用下，填充墙破坏程度比主体结构严重，这与厂房结构的实际震害特征相符。  相似文献   

三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑嘉豪  黄波林  张全  赵海林  冯万里  王健  陈小婷 《地质力学学报》2020,26(4):533-543

长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流，龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上，距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件，模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明，涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m，175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m；在巫山县的五个码头处，两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m；根据涌浪高度，对大宁河进行危险分区，145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km，很高危险区长度约1.9 km；175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km，很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害，保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全，同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。   相似文献   

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床磁黄铁矿标型矿物学特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨阳  唐菊兴  吴纯能  林彬  唐攀  张泽斌  何亮  祁婧  李怡萱 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):337-350

甲玛矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,是西藏地区最大的铜多金属矿床之一。磁黄铁矿是甲玛矿床最常见的金属矿物之一,其标型特征不仅反映其自身形成环境,对其形成机制和矿床成因也具有指示意义。文章选取产于不同岩性中的磁黄铁矿矿石样品,利用矿相学、X射线衍射和电子探针分析等手段对磁黄铁矿的形态、成分和结构进行了分析研究。研究表明,甲玛矿床的磁黄铁矿主要分布在距离岩体中心较远的矿区远端矽卡岩和角岩中。磁黄铁矿的晶胞参数和粉晶X射线衍射曲线显示矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿主要为高温六方磁黄铁矿,角岩中的磁黄铁矿为高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体,但主要以低温单斜磁黄铁矿为主。通过对矽卡岩和角岩中的磁黄铁矿进行电子探针测试,结果显示:矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为60.09%～60.71%,平均为60.38%,w(S)为38.18%～38.69%,平均38.35%,化学分子式为Fe_8S_9～Fe_(10)S_(11);角岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为59.05%～59.57%,平均为59.10%,w(S)为39.28%～39.95%,平均39.59%,化学分子式为Fe_5S_6～Fe_7S_8。根据以上矿物学特征,笔者进一步探讨了该矿床磁黄铁矿的沉淀机制:炽热的岩浆热液上涌,与碳酸盐岩地层和碎屑岩地层接触发生相互作用,并有大气水的加入,使得成矿流体在角岩中先快速降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体。同时,大量的含矿热液形成,并充填于有利的成矿空间(主要为层间破碎带)沉淀成矿,形成矽卡岩矿体,然后流体在矽卡岩矿段中经历缓慢降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿。结合矿床地质特征和相关元素地球化学特征,认为甲玛矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型。  相似文献