Assessing shallow landslide hazards using the TRIGRS and SHALSTAB models,Serra do Mar,Brazil     

Bianca Carvalho Vieira  Nelson Ferreira Fernandes  Oswaldo Augusto Filho  Tiago Damas Martins  David R. Montgomery 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(6):260

The hillslopes of the Serra do Mar, a system of escarpments and mountains that extend more than 1500 km along the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast, are regularly affected by heavy rainfall that generates widespread mass movements, causing large numbers of casualties and economic losses. This paper evaluates the efficiency of susceptibility mapping for shallow translational landslides in one basin in the Serra do Mar, using the physically based landslide susceptibility models SHALSTAB and TRIGRS. Two groups of scenarios were simulated using different geotechnical and hydrological soil parameters, and for each group of scenarios (A and B), three subgroups were created using soil thickness values of 1, 2, and 3 m. Simulation results were compared to the locations of 356 landslide scars from the 1985 event. The susceptibility maps for scenarios A1, A2, and A3 were similar between the models regarding the spatial distribution of susceptibility classes. Changes in soil cohesion and specific weight parameters caused changes in the area of predicted instability in the B scenarios. Both models were effective in predicting areas susceptible to shallow landslides through comparison of areas predicted to be unstable and locations of mapped landslides. Such models can be used to reduce costs or to define potentially unstable areas in regions like the Serra do Mar where field data are costly and difficult to obtain.  相似文献   

The Effect of Key Parameters on the Strength of a Dispersive Soil Stabilized with Sustainable Binders     

Filho  Hugo Carlos Scheuermann  Martins  Carlos Guilherme  Menezes  Ricardo José Wink  Dornelles  Lucas Eduardo  Consoli  Nilo Cesar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):5395-5404

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Dispersive soils are susceptible to phenomena of internal and external erosion when in contact with relatively pure water due to its particle’s...  相似文献   

A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic evaluation of multi-span simply supported deck bridges   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Donatello Cardone  Giuseppe Perrone  Salvatore Sofia 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(5):1463-1498

A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic assessment of highway bridges is proposed. The proposed methodology is based on an Inverse (I), Adaptive (A) application of the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM), with the capacity curve of the bridge derived through a Displacement-based Adaptive Pushover (DAP) analysis. For this reason, the acronym IACSM is used to identify the proposed methodology. A number of Performance Levels (PLs), for which the seismic vulnerability and seismic risk of the bridge shall be evaluated, are identified. Each PL is associated to a number of Damage States (DSs) of the critical members of the bridge (piers, abutments, joints and bearing devices). The IACSM provides the earthquake intensity level (PGA) corresponding to the attainment of the selected DSs, using over-damped elastic response spectra as demand curves. The seismic vulnerability of the bridge is described by means of fragility curves, derived based on the PGA values associated to each DS. The seismic risk of the bridge is evaluated as convolution integral of the product between the fragility curves and the seismic hazard curve of the bridge site. In this paper, the key aspects and basic assumptions of the proposed methodology are presented first. The IACSM is then applied to nine existing simply supported deck bridges, characterized by different types of piers and bearing devices. Finally, the IACSM predictions are compared with the results of nonlinear response time-history analysis, carried out using a set of seven ground motions scaled to the expected PGA values.  相似文献   

Differences in the neighborhood: Structural variations in the carapace of shore crabs Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Portunidae)     

Allan T. Souza  Martina I. Ilarri  Joana Campos  João C. Marques  Irene Martins 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The present study compared the carapace structure of Carcinus maenas in two nearby sites (2 km apart) within Minho estuary, submitted to different physicochemical and ecological conditions (water temperature, pH, crabs’ density and sex ratio). The carapace structure of the carapace and chelae of the crabs presented significant differences between sampling sites (t-test; p < 0.01). The SIMPER analysis revealed that the Weight/CW and Thickness/CW ratios explained all the dissimilarities found among sites. Overall, the male carapace was proportionally thicker at station 2 (t-test; p < 0.01), while the female carapace was proportionally thicker at station 1 (t-test; p < 0.001). A thicker carapace can be advantageous when competing for food or a sexual partner. We hypothetized that, since at station 2, the density of individuals was twice higher than at station 1, it is likely that agonistic encounters are more frequent, thus favouring a thicker carapace.  相似文献   

Effects of local meteorology and aerosols on ozone and nitrogen dioxide retrievals from OMI and pandora spectrometers in Maryland,USA during DISCOVER-AQ 2011     

Andra J. Reed  Anne M. Thompson  Debra E. Kollonige  Douglas K. Martins  Maria A. Tzortziou  Jay R. Herman  Timothy A. Berkoff  Nader K. Abuhassan  Alexander Cede 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2015,72(3-4):455-482

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Geo-scape,a granularity depended spatialization tool for visualizing multidimensional data sets     

Kontaxaki Sofia  Kokla Margarita  Kavouras Marinos 《地球空间信息科学学报》2010,13(4):275-284

Recently,the expertise accumulated in the field of geovisualization has found application in the visualization of abstract multidimensional data,on the basis of methods called spatialization methods.Spatialization methods aim at visualizing multidimensional data into low-dimensional representational spaces by making use of spatial metaphors and applying dimension reduction techniques.Spatial metaphors are able to provide a metaphoric framework for the visualization of information at different levels of gran...  相似文献   

Simultaneous LC–MS/MS Determination of Imidazolinone Herbicides Together with Other Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Soil          下载免费PDF全文

Gisele L. Martins  Caroline A. Friggi  Osmar D. Prestes  Michele C. Vicari  Daniela A. Friggi  Martha B. Adaime  Renato Zanella 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1441-1449

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The Holocene–Anthropocene transition in lakes of western Spitsbergen,Svalbard (Norwegian High Arctic): climate change and nitrogen deposition     

Sofia U. Holmgren  Christian Bigler  Ólafur Ingólfsson  Alexander P. Wolfe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(2):393-412

Lake sediments from four small lakes on western Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, Norwegian High Arctic) preserve biostratigraphic and isotopic evidence for a complex suite of twentieth century environmental changes. At Lake Skardtjørna and Lake Tjørnskardet on Nordenskiöldkysten, there is a marked diatom floristic change coupled to increased diatom concentrations beginning around 1920. At Lake Istjørna and Lake Istjørnelva, 25 km southwest of Longyearbyen, both diatom total valve and chrysophyte stomatocyst concentrations have increased dramatically since the beginning of the 1900s. The early twentieth century changes are probably related to climate warming after the Little Ice Age. However, the most pronounced changes in diatom assemblages seem to have occurred in the last few decades. At the same time, nitrogen stable isotopes in sediment organic matter in two of the lakes became progressively depleted by ~2‰, which is consistent with diffuse atmospheric inputs from anthropogenic sources and attendant fertilization. These data suggest that climate change and nitrogen deposition may be acting together in driving these lakes towards new ecological states that are unique in the context of the Holocene.  相似文献   

Study of Metal Distribution in Raw and Screened Swine Manure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ricardo Luís Radis Steinmetz  Airton Kunz  Valderi Luiz Dressler  Érico Marlon de Moraes Flores  Ayrton Figueiredo Martins 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(3):239-244

The growth of industrial swine production over the last few years has led to a growth in concern over effluents generated by the activity. Several elements, mainly toxic metals, can be present in swine wastewater and can have a serious environmental impact. It is important, therefore, to know the metal concentration before the discharge of wastewater. In this work the temporal metal distribution in swine manure and its potential reduction using coarse (2 mm) and fine (<0.45 μm) liquid‐solid separation techniques were investigated. In order to do this, different swine manure sample preparation methods for Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) were tested. The acid mixtures used to digest the manure sample significantly affected the metal recovery. Good analyte recoveries were observed with nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixtures or nitric acid/perchloric acid mixtures. Sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixtures produced inconsistent results and poor recoveries, mainly for Ba and Pb. It was observed that metal concentrations in swine manure varied greatly with time, up to one order of magnitude, due to changes in swine production such as feed and animal numbers. Metals concentrations observed in the raw wastewater exceeded Brazilian limits for discharge into water bodies and recommendations for agricultural use. Results obtained from the liquid‐solid separation study showed that metals in the raw swine manure were not removed with coarse screening. However, the major fraction of metals were removed by filtration (0.45 μm), with the exception of Na, K and Sr. Thus, the use of liquid‐solid separation techniques that capture the fine solid fractions (and associated metals) from raw manure can have a favorable impact on the environment and contribute to swine production wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

Euro-Cordex Regional Projection Models: What Kind of Agreement for Europe?     

Martins  Ana  Rafael  Sandra  Monteiro  Alexandra  Scotto  Manuel  Gouveia  Sónia 《Mathematical Geosciences》2019,51(8):1021-1035

Mathematical Geosciences - EURO-CORDEX is an international initiative which provides regional climate projections based on multiple dynamical and empirical–statistical downscaling models. The...  相似文献