黄土洞室掘进深度与围岩位移变化规律研究     

时卫民  王鹏  赵尚毅 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):70-75

应用PLAXIS 2D/3D有限元分析软件,对某黄土洞室进行了二维、三维分步掘进、三维一次掘进等工况的弹塑性有限元分析,研究分析了不同工况下洞室围岩位移的变化规律,并对掌子面的空间效应进行了分析。分析结果表明,二维与三维分步计算的最终位移基本一致,可以用二维的计算结果来估算洞室开挖的最终位移。三维分步掘进的分析表明,不同埋深的洞室其位移比的变化规律基本一致,当L/B<1时(L为掘进深度,B为洞室跨度),位移比呈线性增加;当L/B>1时,位移比呈非线性增加;当L/B>3时,其最大位移接近最终位移。掌子面的空间效应分析表明,在掌子面处的位移约为最终位移的1/3,距掌子面0.5倍跨度处的位移约为最终位移的2/3,距掌子面2.5倍跨度处的位移基本达到了最终位移。  相似文献   

Trends and risk evolution of drought disasters in Tibet Region,China     

Chen  Qiong  Liu  Fenggui  Chen  Ruijie  Zhao  Zhilong  Zhang  Yili  Cui  Peng  Zheng  Du 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1859-1875

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The risk posed by natural disasters can be largely reflected by hazard and vulnerability. The analysis of long-term hazard series can reveal the mechanisms by...  相似文献   

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例     

赵艳红  包金哲  王树波  翟浩  魏建民  杨智升  张晖  赵铁锁  苏日亚  王磊  王鑫  贾昕晔  刘芳 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):662-676

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果，采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料，提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生；爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点，包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态；小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡，是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成，波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成；机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点；运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件，另一类只包含车辆运输事件。  相似文献   

Cyclical one-way continental rupture-drift in the Tethyan evolution: Subduction-driven plate tectonics     

Wan  Bo  Wu  Fuyuan  Chen  Ling  Zhao  Liang  Liang  Xiaofeng  Xiao  Wenjiao  Zhu  Rixiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2005-2016

Numerous continents have rifted and drifted away from Gondwana to repeatedly open ocean basins over the past-500 millionyears.These Gondwana-derived continents drifted towards and collided with components of the Eurasian continent to successively close the preexisting oceans between the two.Plate tectonics satisfactorily describes the continental drift from Gondwana to Eurasia but does not define the geodynamic mechanism of continuously rifting to collisions of continents in the Tethy an Realm.After reappraisal of geological records of the rift,collision and subduction initiation from the surface and various geophysical observations from depth,we propose that Eurasia-directed subducting oceanic slabs would have driven Tethyan system in the Phanerozoic.The Eurasia-directed subduction would have dragged the passive Gondwana margin to rift and drift northwards,giving birth to new oceans since the Paleozoic.The closure of preexisting oceans between the Gondwana-derived continents and Eurasia led to continental collisions,which would have induced the initiation of oceanic subduction in the Tethyan Realm.Multiple episodic switches between collision-subduction-rift repeatedly led to the separation of continental fragments from Gondwana and dragged them to drift towards Eurasia.The final disappearance of Neo-Tethy s would have induced collision of the Gondwana-derived continents with the Eurasian continent,giving rise to the Cenozoic Alpine-Zagros-Himalayan collisional system.Therefore,the Eurasia-directed oceanic subduction would have acted as a 'one-way train' that successively transferred the ruptured Gondwana continental fragments in the south,into the terminal in the north.In this regard,the engine of this "Tethyan one-way train" is the negative buoyancy of subducting oceanic slabs.  相似文献   

Fingerprinting hydrothermal fluids in porphyry Cu deposits using K and Mg isotopes     

Li  Weiqiang  Zhao  Shugao  Wang  Xiaomin  Li  Shilei  Wang  Guoguang  Yang  Tao  Jin  Zhangdong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):108-120

In this study, we performed an integrated investigation of K and Mg isotopes in hydrothermally altered rocks from the giant Dexing porphyry Cu deposit in China. Both the altered porphyry intrusion and the surrounding wall rocks exhibit large variations in K and Mg isotope compositions, with δ41K values ranging between-1.02‰ and 0.38‰, and δ26Mg values ranging between-0.49‰ and 0.32‰. The δ41K and δ26Mg values of the majority of altered samples are higher than the isotopic baseline values for upper continental crust. We attribute the general increase in δ41 K and δ26Mg in altered rocks to hydrothermal alteration,which caused preferential incorporation of heavy K and Mg isotopes in alteration products, particularly phyllosilicates. However,a few altered samples show anomalously low δ41K and δ26Mg values. The δ41K and δ26Mg values do not correlate with K and Mg concentrations, or mineralogy of altered samples. The variable K-Mg isotope data likely reflect fluids of different physicalchemical properties, or different isotopic compositions. Based on the combined K-Mg isotope data, at least three groups of hydrothermal fluids are distinguished from the Dexing porphyry deposit. Therefore, K-Mg isotopes are potentially a novel tracer for fingerprinting fluids in complex hydrothermal systems.  相似文献   

富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张亚冠  杜远生  陈国勇  刘建中  陈庆刚  赵征  王泽鹏  邓超 《古地理学报》2019,21(2):351-368

震旦系陡山沱组沉积期形成的黔中开阳、瓮安富磷矿沉积区,矿石产量大、品位高,是国内外重要的磷矿资源产区。黔中磷矿主要分布于黔中古陆周缘的滨浅海环境中,矿石类型以碎屑状磷块岩为主,间夹原生泥晶磷块岩、生物结构磷块岩和次生土状结构磷块岩。开阳式高品位磷块岩的动态沉积成矿过程通常为“三阶段成矿”: 第一阶段为初始成磷作用阶段,在新元古代大规模成磷背景下,上升洋流携带深部富磷海水进入滨浅海地区,并通过生物化学作用使磷质聚集并形成原生磷块岩沉积;第二阶段为簸选成矿作用阶段,高能波浪、风暴水流对原生磷块岩持续的破碎、磨蚀、搬运和再沉积过程中,簸选去除了原生沉积物中的陆源细碎屑、砂泥质成分,保留并聚集磷质碎屑颗粒,形成品位较高的碎屑状矿石;第三阶段为淋滤作用阶段,海平面升降变化使之前形成矿石受暴露事件影响,遭受强烈的风化淋滤作用,碎屑状磷矿石内的碳酸盐岩胶结物和白云石条带被淋滤运移,导致矿层发育大量溶蚀孔洞,甚至形成土状磷块岩,矿石品位再次得到大幅度提升。三阶段成矿作用随古地理条件和海平面变化在沉积成岩过程中多期次、动态进行,最终形成工业价值极高的磷矿石。  相似文献   

Fully coupled hydraulic fracture simulation using the improved element partition method     

Shujun Peng  Zhennan Zhang  Jianye Mou  Bing Zhao  Zhiyuan Liu  Jiading Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):441-460

The improved element partition method (IEPM) is a newly developed fracture simulation approach. IEPM allows a fracture to run across an element without introducing extra degrees of freedom. It can also simulate any number of fractures in a prescribed mesh without remeshing. In this study, the IEPM is extended to hydraulic fracture simulation. First, the seepage and volumetric storage matrix of a cracked element are derived using virtual nodes (the intersection points of a crack with element edges). Subsequently, the fully coupled hydromechanical equation is derived for this cracked element. To eliminate the extra degrees of freedom (virtual nodal quantities), the water pressure and displacement of the virtual nodes are associated with their adjacent nodes through least squares interpolation. Finally, the fully coupled equation in terms of nodal quantities is obtained. The verification cases validate the method. By using this method, the field-scale hydraulic fracturing process is well simulated. The proposed approach is simple and efficient for field-scale hydraulic fracture simulation.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟地区含铀目的层岩石矿物学特征及其对成岩作用、物源等方面的指示     

陈路路  李建国  冯晓曦  汤超  贺静  郭虎  陈印  赵华雷  王贵 《地质科学》2019,(1):225-243

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部伊陕单斜构造区，其成矿主岩为中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段。通过野外地质调查、岩芯编录，结合岩矿鉴定、X-衍射、电子探针及扫描电镜等方法，详细研究了该区目的层砂岩碎屑组分、结构及矿物蚀变特征，并初步探讨了其物源及源区构造背景、砂岩绿色成因、成岩作用等特征。结果表明纳岭沟地区含铀砂岩类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主，其成分及结构成熟度均较低，成岩作用较弱，表现为弱压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用以及部分重结晶作用。大量在粒表呈薄膜状及粒间充填的绿泥石等粘土矿物是砂岩呈绿色调的主因。物源可能来自于盆地北缘阴山造山带的太古宙-元古宙变质岩系以及显生宙岩浆岩。其蚀变矿物组合及期次为草莓状黄铁矿-自生高岭石-绿泥石薄膜+粒间绿泥石-铀石+细分散/脉状黄铁矿-亮晶方解石-方解石脉，其成岩环境经历了弱酸性-酸性还原-弱酸弱碱/氧化还原过渡阶段-碱性还原阶段，而砂岩型铀矿的形成与氧化还原-酸碱性过渡成岩环境变化密切相关。  相似文献   

唐山地区波速比变化特征研究     

王亚茹  宋昭  刘晓丹  郭蕾  王妍  王时  宫猛  王想 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):686-690

选取唐山地区2008~2018年震相数据，利用单台多震和达法和多台多震和达法分别计算波速比，结合研究区内的地震活动对波速比的变化特征进行研究。结果显示，多台多震和达法得到的波速比结果较为稳定，而单台多震和达法得到的结果变化幅度大，显示更多细节；唐山地区ML≥4.5地震发生前单台波速比存在不同程度的异常，异常台站的方位与地震具有一定的对应性。  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带(安徽段)对地表水系空间分布形态的影响研究     

钱家忠  卫佳佳  姜琼  郑勇  赵卫东 《地质科学》2019,54(2):398-410

为了研究郯庐断裂带（安徽段）构造活动对其周边地表水系形态及其发育特征的影响，本文基于DEM数据，利用GIS空间分析功能并结合郯庐断裂带构造运动特征，对郯庐断裂带（安徽段）周边水系的几何分布特征进行研究。研究表明：郯庐断裂带（安徽段）在不同地质历史时期对区内地表水系产生错动影响。受郯庐断裂三叠纪到白垩纪期间左旋走滑运动影响，两条二级水系在大别山区自西北向东南流经郯庐主干断裂及次级断裂时与断裂呈近似直角相交并发生左旋错动。大别山地区的皖河流域与华阳河流域水系受郯庐断裂第四纪以来逆右行平移运动影响流向由东南向同步大幅度拐向南西，表现为右旋扭错；巢湖流域水系受五河—合肥断裂和石门山断裂影响也出现了右旋位错。此外，受郯庐断裂带构造运动形成的合肥盆地和地堑式嘉山盆地的影响，池河的主河道沿合肥盆地东侧的沉降带和石门山断裂与嘉庐断裂之间的嘉山盆地发育。  相似文献