中亚增生造山过程与成矿作用研究进展     

肖文交  宋东方  Brian F.WINDLEY  李继亮  韩春明  万博  张继恩  敖松坚  张志勇 《中国科学:地球科学》2019,(10)

中亚造山带作为全球最大的显生宙增生型造山带,是大陆动力学和成矿作用研究的天然实验室.文章简要概述中国新中国成立以来中亚造山带研究发展情况,并对未来研究提出展望. 20世纪50～70年代是中亚造山带研究的奠基时期,各地质研究学派理论相继运用于解释中亚地区的地质演化.改革开放初期,李春昱先生等开创性地运用板块构造理论解析北疆及兴蒙地区大地构造演化,提出了西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、中朝-塔里木三大板块俯冲-碰撞的认识,并提出了索伦山至延边缝合线的观点. 20世纪90年代,中亚造山带研究进入快速发展期,前苏联学者提出了多陆块碰撞模型;土耳其学者提出了单一岛弧增生模型,指出中亚造山带是一种特殊类型的碰撞造山带.中国学者对中国北方地区的蛇绿岩、高压变质岩等进行了大量开拓性研究,划分了主要缝合带. 1999年,"中亚成矿域"概念被提出,并与环太平洋成矿域和特提斯成矿域并称全球三大成矿域.进入21世纪,鉴于中亚在大陆增生理论和成矿机制研究领域的重要性,中亚造山带研究成为国际学术前沿.中国在中亚地区布局了一系列科研项目,催生了一大批重要科研成果,包括微陆块属性、蛇绿岩时代和构造背景、岩浆弧性质、增生楔识别和解剖、区域变质-变形作用、俯冲带(超)高压变质作用、洋中脊俯冲、地幔柱与板块相互作用、多岛海构造古地理与复式增生造山时空格架、大陆增生、增生成矿、构造叠加改造等.这些成果产生了重要的国际影响.展望未来,中亚造山带主要有以下几方面的内容需要进一步深入研究:(1)古亚洲洋早期演化历史及起始俯冲机制;(2)古亚洲洋外部造山带(Extroversion)的增生机制;(3)古亚洲洋地幔属性及其时空分布;(4)古亚洲洋与特提斯洋相互作用过程;(5)显生宙大陆增生机制及其全球对比;(6)中亚成矿域增生成矿机制;(7)大陆改造机制.  相似文献   

Trace fossils of an amalgamated storm-bed succession from the Jurassic of the Kachchh Basin,India:The significance of time-averaging in ichnology     

Franz T.Fürsich  Alfred Uchman  Matthias Alberti  Dhirendra K.Pandey 《古地理学报》2018,(1)

The uppermost part of the Upper Bathonian Sponge Limestone member, Patcham Formation, of the Jhura Dome of Kachchh Mainland is a thickening-and shallowing-upward succession topped by medium-to thick-bedded hummocky cross-stratified grainstones deposited by storm waves. Occasionally, thin, commonly lenticular, intraclastic-bioclastic silty marl intercalations between the grainstones are highly bioturbated, in contrast to the grainstones, in which, for the most part, trace fossils occur scattered. Large exposures of bedding planes of the grainstones allow the detailed investigation of ichnological features, whereas the high density of traces in the soft marls precludes the identification of any ichnotaxa. Eighteen ichnotaxa have been recorded including Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, Taenidium, Gyrophyllites, Chondrites, Dactyloidites, Teichichnus, Bolonia, and Ancorichnus. Except for Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides, which generally indicate moderate to high energy conditions and are the dwelling burrows of suspension-feeding to omnivorous crustaceans, the ichnotaxa represent a deposit-feeding behaviour of their producers and thus are characteristic of low-energy environments. The trace fossils form three ichnoassemblages characterized by(1) Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides suevicus,(2)?Thalassinoides isp. A, Taenidium, and Bolonia lata,and(3) Ancorichnus. The dominance of traces of deposit-feeders in rocks indicative of high-energy events is counterintuitive and points to their non-contemporaneity. The sediments were deposited during brief highenergy events, whereas the trace fossils were produced when, after waning of storms low-energy conditions prevailed. This time-averaging is particularly pronounced in trace fossils that extend vertically downwards and may reach strata deposited under distinctly different conditions. Thus, environmental interpretations based on trace fossils should refer to colonisation surfaces rather than to the sediment surrounding the trace fossils. In the latter case, interpretations may be erroneous, especially when erosion subsequently destroyed sedimentary evidence of their original environment.  相似文献   

Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical mapping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP     

Jia-Nan Fu  Franco Pirajno  Fan Yang  Espine Shivute  Yi-Zhan Sun  Ning Ai  Kun-Feng Qiu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):573-585

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_Hf(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.  相似文献   

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent     

Frank F.Beunk  Emond W.F.de Roever  Keewook Yi  Fraukje M.Brouwer 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(2):677-692

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.  相似文献   

机器学习应用于地震预警中的地震波判别研究     

Z.F.Li  M.-A.Meier  E.Hauksson  Z.W.Zhan  J.Andrews  王林 《世界地震译丛》2019,(5)

由于天然或人为干扰产生的局部脉冲式噪声影响,使得地震预警系统出现误报。为减少此类问题,我们利用美国南加州和日本的30万条地震波形记录,训练了一个生成式对抗网络(GAN)用于识别P波初至特征。我们将GAN判别器作为自动特征提取器,并利用70万条地震事件和噪声波形记录训练了一个随机森林分类器。结果表明,该方法可以辨别99.2%的P波和98.4%的噪声信号。其优越的性能有望极大地减少因局部脉冲式噪声而造成的误触发数量。我们的研究表明,GAN判别器能获取简洁有效的地震波形特征,可广泛应用于地震学研究。小结地震预警系统受到脉冲式噪声信号的干扰(非真实地震信号),有时偶尔会出现误触发的情况。这会造成不必要的经济损失和公众恐慌。本文利用机器学习工具判别波形是由地震产生的还是由局部噪声源产生的。我们通过利用美国南加州和日本大约70万条波形来训练算法。研究表明,利用机器学习方法可以识别99.2%的地震和98.4%的噪声。该方法可以减少大量的误报,能显著改善地震预警系统的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

综合地震和地质数据获得的坎特伯雷地震序列的震级—频度分布模型     

M.W.Stirling  F.R.Zuniga  杨国栋  张苏平 《世界地震译丛》2018,(6)

我们综合地质和地震数据获得了坎特伯雷地震序列的震级—频度分布模型。在确定分布曲线时,借机用新的数据解决了文献中的一个长期争议:对于断层或断裂带的地震活动性,究竟是古登堡—里克特关系还是特征地震模型描述得更好。结果表明,对于坎特伯雷地震序列的整个复合断裂带而言,若综合考虑古登堡—里克特曲线(拟合仪器目录数据)误差和格林代尔断层上大(主)震根据古地震推断的复发周期界限,震级—频度分布可用古登堡—里克特关系很好地描述。相反,对于格林代尔断层的较小区域,震级—频度分布用特征地震模型描述得更好。不同的就是尺度,因为坎特伯雷地震序列所代表的复合断裂带表现为古登堡—里克特分布,而该断裂带内的单个断层表现为特征地震分布。因此,地震风险模拟中震级—频度分布的确定必须考虑尺度因素,而不能简单地认为一条震级—频度分布曲线适用于所有断层情形。  相似文献   

General Aspects and Resource Potential of Uranium Deposits in China     

LI Ziying  ZHANG Jindai  CAI Yuqi  GUO Q. Y.  ZHU P. F. 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z2):1371-1372

Please?refer?to?the?attachment(s)?for?more?details.  相似文献   

The Relationship between Model Biases in East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Land Evaporation     

Ruth GEEN  Marianne PIETSCHNIG  Shubhi AGRAWAL  Dipanjan DEY  F.Hugo LAMBERT  Geoffrey K.VALLIS 《大气科学进展》2023,(11):2029-2052

The East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) provides the majority of annual rainfall to countries in East Asia.Although state-of-the-art models broadly project increased EASM rainfall, the spread of projections is large and simulations of present-day rainfall show significant climatological biases. Systematic evapotranspiration biases occur locally over East Asia, and globally over land, in simulations both with and without a coupled ocean. This study explores the relationship between evapotranspiration...  相似文献   

内蒙古半拉山钼矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb与辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其成矿动力学背景   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

闫聪  孙艺  赖勇  马星华 《矿床地质》2011,30(4):616-634

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗半拉山钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段,是新发现的中型爆破角砾岩型钼矿床.半拉山钼矿区内流纹岩围岩和花岗斑岩岩脉的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别是(157.5±3.3)Ma和(126.3±2.1)Ma,而辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(136.1±6.6)Ma(MSWD=0.42),表明成矿作...  相似文献   

氧化性和还原性斑岩型Cu-Au矿床流体成矿机制差异     

徐文刚  范宏瑞 《矿物学报》2011,(Z1)

目前已经广泛认同斑岩型Cu-Au矿床是在相对较高的氧化性含矿流体作用下形成的。但是随着研究的深入,逐渐发现了一系列具备还原性特征的斑岩型矿床,这些矿床往往不发育表征高氧逸度的原生磁铁矿和硫酸盐矿物,其典型代表为西澳大利亚的17Mile Hill斑岩型铜金矿床和墨西哥的San Anton斑岩型矿床。  相似文献