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Ring foundation on elastic subgrade: an analytical solution for computer modelling using the Lagrangian multiplier method 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the practice of geotechnical engineering, the case of a ring footing carrying a set of concentrated point loads is a common problem. At times, the induced vertical and angular displacements for the ring footing need to be evaluated at a relatively precise level. By making use of the governing set of equations derived for the case of a general curved beam, expressions that can be easily implemented in modern computing software are derived for the vertical and angular displacements of a ring footing of rectangular cross section as functions of the radial position. The loading case considered is a vertical point load, and the soil is modelled as elastic. Estimates of the displacements have been shown for a common range of practical applications. The behaviour for a set of concentrated loads may be evaluated using the derived equations through direct superposition. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to evaluate the vertical deflection and angular twist of the ring foundation. Numerical analysis performed for three ring foundations with different radii and cross sections is reported to validate the accuracy of the derived analytical solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Numerical Modeling of Axisymmetric Flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Samer K. Abi Kaed Bey Douglas P. Connelly François-Eric Legiret Andy J. K. Harris Matthew C. Mowlem 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(10):1555-1565
In this work, we describe a high-resolution fluorometric shipboard analyser and an improved method to determine NH4+ in oligotrophic seawater. The limit of detection is <5 nM, calculated with 95% confidence level using the weighted regression
line applied to the standard addition method using real samples prepared with low nutrient seawater from the Atlantic. The
results are summarised and cross-compared with spiked artificial seawater (ASW) and spiked Milli-Q water samples. The analyser
has a precision of ±1–4% with a high performance over a wide range from 5 nM to 25 μM. The methodology of NH4+ analysis is based on the fluorescent product formed between o-pthaldialdehyde and NH4+ in the presence of sulfite. Due to the high resolution of the developed system, we were able to study in depth the sensitivity
of the method to salinity, amines, amino acids and potential interferences from particles/algae. The method was found to be
sensitive to salinity variations, reducing the signal by up to 85% at 5 nM; this effect decreased at higher concentrations
of ammonium. It was noted that the interference from amines at low concentrations was negligible; however, at either high
amino acid or high amine concentrations, the signal was depressed. To test for the effect of particles on the system, the
system was tested with samples containing phytoplankton (Dunaliella primolecta) cells at different concentrations prepared with ASW to simulate the effect of a phytoplankton bloom. This experiment assessed
the potential impact of both particles and other potential fluorescence interferences from cells and/or ammonium leaching
from cells. This experiment showed that a phytoplankton bloom could potentially have an impact of up to 12% on the signal
of interest. Thus, we propose that this method is suitable for oligotrophic environments rather than coastal and eutrophic
environments. The reagent was found to be stable for 17 days and standards of 1 μM were stable for 6 days under laboratory
conditions. The developed analyser was successfully demonstrated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in an area of oligotrophic,
low NH4+ oceanic waters. 相似文献
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Stable isotopes of water are known to provide information on mean altitudes of spring recharge areas, which is an important parameter for groundwater resources management especially in karstic environments. Very often, a lack of precipitation input data limits the possibility for an appropriate estimation of mean catchment altitudes. In the Jeita spring catchment, Lebanon, a characterization of precipitation input was possible with samples collected at six stations at varying altitudes (88 amount‐weighted monthly samples). A local meteoric water line for the Jeita spring catchment was characterized as δ2H = 6.04 * δ18O + 8.45 (R 2 = .92) for a 2‐year observation period between October 2012 and September 2014. Integral samples from the snow layer were collected at 22 sites at altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 2,300 m above sea level at the end of February 2012 and February 2013, when snow height reached a maximum of more than 6 m at the highest peak in the catchment. Water samples were continuously collected from six springs (Jeita, Kashkoush, Labbane, Assal, Afqa, and Rouaiss). Jeita spring water samples were collected additionally in daily time steps during the snowmelt season in 2012. Mean isotope values of the sampled springs range from ?6.8‰ to ?8.2‰, and from ?33‰ to ?44‰, for δ18O and δ2H, respectively. The stable isotope data show that input variability (space and time, snow cover, and rainfall) has direct impacts on mean altitude estimates of spring catchments. A more profound interpretation of spring response to rainfall for six local springs in the Lebanon Mountains was possible in comparison to four earlier described springs collected in the Anti‐Lebanon Mountains in Syria. 相似文献
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不同土壤水分条件和气温对沙枣树出胶的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对沙枣树的出胶进行了不同土壤水环境条件下的比较。结果表明,湿润林带的出胶率低,但出胶量高,干旱林带则相反,是出胶率高而出胶量低。沙枣树的出胶应该是自身生理活性作用和受害反应的结果。同时还发现沙枣树的出胶率和出胶量都随气温的增加而明显增加。指出出胶率高是病虫害侵染所造成,而出胶量高则是生理活性强的表现。沙枣胶的生产应该在新疆炎热的南疆地区进行,加强林带的管理和复壮有利于提高沙枣树的产胶量。 相似文献
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Alex Rowell David Thomas Richard Bailey Abi Stone Eduardo Garzanti Marta Padoan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):150-171
Sand ramps have the potential to provide rich palaeoenvironmental information in dryland regions where proxy records are typically scarce. However, current knowledge of the geomorphic controls and processes of sand ramp formation is limited. This study provides a data‐rich examination of the key factors controlling sand ramp formation. The location and morphology of 75 sand ramps in southern Namibia are examined. The sediments and chronologies of 10 sand ramps are studied in detail using 51 OSL dates and 83 grain‐size and LOI samples. Heavy mineral assemblages are used to determine the provenance of 10 samples and OSL sensitivity is used to explore geomorphic processes of eight samples. Sand ramp morphology can be grouped into one of four classes of increasing size and complexity and is closely linked to the available accommodation space. Heavy mineral assemblages indicate local sediment sources and all 75 studied sand ramps are within 4 km of a large ephemeral river channel or within 5.5 km of a dune field. Therefore, accommodation space and sediment supply are identified as the primary controls of sand ramp formation. Sedimentology and OSL sensitivity suggest a complex interplay of aeolian, fluvial and colluvial processes contribute to sand ramp formation with large variability observed between ramps. Three of the ten dated sand ramps have been present in the Namibian landscape for >100 ka. Eight sand ramps show episodic deposition between >75–12 ka and five show evidence of surface reworking over the past 2 ka. Environmental sensitivity is probably linked to the size and availability of the accommodation space. Therefore, individual sand ramps are expected to reflect local environmental conditions, recording when an abundant sediment supply coincided with available accommodation space, while a regional analysis of multiple sand ramps with chronometric data offers the potential to identify larger scale palaeoenvironmental controls of sediment supply. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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Hugo Abi Karam Augusto José Pereira Filho Valery Masson Joël Noilhan Edson Pereira Marques Filho 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(1-2):109-120
This work describes the tropical town energy budget (t-TEB) scheme addressed to simulate the diurnal occurrence of the urban heat island (UHI) as observed in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ; ?22° S; ?44° W) in Brazil. Reasoning about the tropical urban climate have guided the scheme implementation, starting from the original equations from Masson (Bound-Lay Meteorol 94:357–397, 2000). The modifications include (a) local scaling approaches for obtaining flux–gradient relationships in the roughness sub-layer, (b) the Monin-Obukhov similarity framework in the inertial sub-layer, (c) increasing aerodynamic conductance toward more unstable conditions, and (d) a modified urban subsurface drainage system to transfer the intercepted rainwater by roofs to the roads. Simulations along 2007 for the MARJ are obtained and compared with the climatology. The t-TEB simulation is consistent with the observations, suggesting that the timing and dynamics of the UHI in tropical cities could vary significantly from the familiar patterns observed in mid-latitude cities—with the peak heat island intensity occurring in the morning than at night. The simulations are suggesting that the thermal phase shift of this tropical diurnal UHI is a response of the surface energy budget to the large amount of solar radiation, intense evapotranspiration, and thermal response of the vegetated surfaces over a very humid soil layer. 相似文献
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沙枣树的出胶与环境影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙枣树的出胶量与多种影响因子有关。观测实验结果表明,沙枣树出胶量与自身的生理活性有关,而生理活性取决于水分条件。水分条件较好的相对湿润林带,沙枣树出胶量较高,而水分条件较差的干旱林带,沙枣树出胶量较低,不同水分条件下的出胶量火小依次为：湿润〉半湿润〉干旱条件：气温对激活和提高树木生理活性有积极作用,沙枣树的出胶量随气温升高显著增加,出胶旺盛季节通常在5～7月;沙枣树的创口类型和数量影响出胶量,出胶量有随创口数的增加而增加的趋势,但不同创口类型的数量对出胶量的影响是不同的,机械伤害和病虫害是造成沙枣树创口产生的原因之一;树龄与树木的生理活性对出胶有直接关系,树龄25年左右的成熟林出胶量最高,极显著地大于树龄17年的中龄林和41年的过熟林。过熟林遭受病虫害侵袭的程度远较中龄林大,出胶量也大于中龄林木。 相似文献
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