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Simulation of erosion-deposition processes at basin scale by a physically-based mathematical model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hernán R.STENTA 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):91-109
The development and application of the physically-based and spatially-distributed mathematical model CTSS8-SED is presented. The model simulates hydrologic-hydraulic processes produced by storm events and related soil erosion and sediment transport processes at basin scale in lowland areas. The model simulates (i) storm runoff,(ii) soil detachment by raindrop impact and overland flow (gross sediment yield),(iii) sediment transport by overland flow and associated erosion-deposition processes and (iv) sediment transport by stream flow and riverbed erosion-deposition processes. A quasi two-dimensional representation of water flow and sediment transport routing is made by means of interconnected cells approach. The model is applied to simulate two flooding events in the Luduea Creek basin (Santa Fe, Argentina) occurred in April 1994 and March 2007 due to extraordinary rainfalls. 相似文献
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The Tillaberi stone fell in April 1970 in Republic of Niger. In the 157 g piece sent to Paris, a centimeter wide lithic inclusion is found. Contrary to previous assumptions, the stone is an L6 chondrite in which few chondrules can be distinguished; olivine is Fa 25 ± 0.4 percent with minor amounts of Ca, Cr, Ti; orthopyroxene is Fs 21.6 ± 1.2 percent with a rather large scatter of the amounts of minor elements. The feldspar, well developed, contains 10 to 11 percent An, 84 to 85 percent Ab, five percent Or, and 0.77 ± 0.09 percent FeO. The lithic inclusion contains much feldspar which corresponds to 14 to 17 percent An, 75 to 79 percent Ab, four to five percent Or without almost any FeO. This inclusion contains also rounded grains of olivine and minute crystals of chromite. It has a frothy microdoleritic texture with a frozen border against the chondritic material. As the nickel rich grains are either martensite or acicular plessite and the silicates are undeformed, a quick cooling after a short but intense heating is postulated to account for the mineralogical characteristics. 相似文献
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Pedro A. BASILE Center for Hydroenvironmental Research National University of Rosario 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(3)
1 INTRODUCTIONMany hydro-momhological mathematical models neglect the innuence of river bed maerialheterogeneity and its time and space changes during transport and related erosion/dePosition processes. Inthese models a rePresentative diameter of the river bed grain-size distribution (for examPle d5o) isspecified as initial data in each comPutational point of the modeled domain. Different d5o can be assignedto each ghd point but temPoral changes in bed material gradation cannot be simula… 相似文献
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Experimental modelling of forearc basin development during accretionary wedge growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHRISTOPHE Larroque SYLVAIN Calassou† JACQUES Malavieille† FRANK Chanier‡ 《Basin Research》1995,7(3):255-268
We present results of three sand-box experiments that model the association between tectonic accretion and sedimentation in a forearc basin. Experimental sedimentation occurs step by step in the forearc basin during shortening of the sand wedge. In each experiment, the development of the accretionary wedge leads to the formation of a major backthrust zone. This major deformation zone accounts for the thickening in the rear part of the wedge. In natural settings this tectonic bulge dams sediments that are transported toward the trench from mountainous terrain behind the forearc. We test the variation of friction along the déollement and note the following: (1) shortening of a low-friction wedge involves a mechanical balance between forethrusts and backthrust propagation and this balance is recorded by the sedimentary sequence trapped in the forearc basin. Indeed, if most of the movement occurs along the backthrust, the deepening of the basin will be larger and consequently the thickness of the sedimentary sequence will be greater. (2) Such balance does not exist in the case of a high-friction wedge. (3) Variation of friction along the décollement during shortening of the sand wedge leads to modification in the forearc basin filling. Thus, for similar increments of convergence, the sequence deposited in the forearc basin shows relatively larger thickness when the wedge is shortened above a high-friction décollement. We suggest that contraction and thickening in the rear part of the wedge is an efficient mechanism to, initiate and develop a forearc basin. Thus, this kind of basin occurs in convergent settings, without collapse related to local extension or tectonic erosion. They represent a sedimentary trap on a passive basement, bounded by a tectonic bulge. The Quaternary Hikurangi forearc basin, southeast of the North Island of New Zealand, is bounded by two actively uplifting ridges. Thus, this basin is considered to be a possible example of the basins modelled in our experiments, and we suggest that the limit between the basin and the wedge could be a complex backthrust zone. 相似文献
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Pedro A. BASILE Gerardo A. RICCARDI Center for Hydroenvironmental Research National University of Rosario Riobamba bis 《国际泥沙研究》2002,(1)
1 INTRODUCTION Mathematical models to analyze the one-dimensional morphological evolution of alluvial rivers, induced either by natural events or anthropic actions, have been commonly applied since the original work of de Vries (1957, 1965, 1969). In the last decades much effort was made in developing suitable 2D horizontal and 3D time-depending mathematical models to study riverbed changes. In fact, full 2D-H hydro-morphological models (Olesen, 1987; Spasojevic and Holly, 1988) as w… 相似文献
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RAPHAËL BOURILLOT EMMANUELLE VENNIN JEAN‐MARIE ROUCHY CHRISTOPHE DURLET VINCENT ROMMEVAUX CHRISTOPHE KOLODKA FREDERIC KNAP 《Sedimentology》2010,57(2):477-512
The Sorbas Member is a late Messinian complex sedimentary system that formed immediately following deposition of the Messinian evaporites in the Sorbas Basin (South‐east Spain). This work describes the sequence architecture and facies organization of a continuous kilometre long, alluvial fan to open platform transect near the village of Cariatiz in the north‐east of the basin. The post‐evaporitic Cariatiz platform was a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic system composed of four intermediate‐frequency, fifth‐order depositional sequences (Depositional Sequences 1 to 4) arranged in an overall prograding trend. The intense fracturing and brecciation of these deposits is attributed to the deformation and dissolution of an evaporite body measuring several tens of metres in thickness. The four sequences display significant spatial–temporal variability in both architecture and facies distribution, with two main phases: (i) Depositional Sequences 1 and 2 are ooid and oobioclastic dominated, and show normal marine faunas; and (ii) Depositional Sequences 3 and 4 show a higher siliciclastic contribution and are microbialite dominated. These important changes are interpreted as modifications of the primary controlling factors. Following an initial 70 m drowning, possibly linked to increased oceanic input, Depositional Sequences 1 to 3 were controlled mainly by eustatic variations and inherited topography; their progradation destabilized the evaporite body near the end of the Depositional Sequence 2 period. During the second phase, Depositional Sequences 3 and 4 recorded a progressive restriction of the Sorbas Basin related to a 30 to 40 m fall in water level that was driven mainly by regional factors. These regional factors were dissolution and gravity‐induced deformation of the evaporites and correlative evaporative fluid circulation associated with the contrasted arid/humid regional climate that, respectively, controlled sequence geometry and fluctuating water salinity which caused a microbialite bloom. 相似文献
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CORDIER CAROLE; CLEMENT JEAN-PHILIPPE; CAROFF MARTIAL; HEMOND CHRISTOPHE; BLAIS SYLVAIN; COTTEN JOSEPH; BOLLINGER CLAIRE; LAUNEAU PATRICK; GUILLE GERARD 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(11):2281-2312
This study is based on a set of coarse-grained igneous rockscollected from two zoned plutons located in the central partof Tahiti Nui and Raiatea. The Ahititera pluton (central depressionof Tahiti Nui) comprises a great diversity of rocks, rangingfrom ultrabasic to felsic in composition. It shows a concentriczonation with nepheline-free rocks in its periphery and nepheline-bearingrocks in its central part. The Faaroa pluton (central depressionof Raiatea) is entirely mafic and includes only gabbros andtheralites. The two plutons have variable Nd–Sr isotopicsignatures, especially the Ahititera rocks, which are subdividedinto three groups based on their mineralogy, geochemistry andisotope composition. The isotopic variability probably reflectslocal heterogeneities in the Society mantle plume. Petrographicand isotopic data have been used to define two magmatic suitesin Ahititera, identifiable from their degree of Si undersaturation.The evolution of the mildly Si-undersaturated suite is controlledby simple fractional crystallization, whereas the strongly Si-undersaturatedsuite requires additional H2O influx. The third isotopic groupincludes only theralites. The rare earth element (REE) compositionsof the mafic rocks from both plutons do not correlate with theirisotopic signature. The REE patterns of the most Si-undersaturatedrocks are systematically characterized by steeper slopes. Suchfeatures are also observed in lavas from seamounts located withinthe present-day hotspot area. It appears that REE concentrationsin Society lavas and intrusives are probably mainly governedby variable degrees of partial melting of a garnet-free mantlesource and are independent of their isotopic signature. KEY WORDS: cumulates; fractional crystallization; partial melting; French Polynesia; plutonic rocks; Society Islands; Tahiti; Raiatea 相似文献
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R. B. SCORZELLI M. CHRISTOPHE MICHEL-LVY E. GILABERT B. LAVIELLE I. SOUZA AZEVEDO V. W. VIEIRA T. V. V. COSTA M. A. B. ARAÚJO 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1998,33(6):1335-1337
Abstract— The Campos Sales meteorite fell close to the town of Campos Sales in the northeastern Brazilian state of Ceará (7°2′ S, 40°10′ W) on 1991 January 31 at 10:00 P.M. (local time). Several fragments were recovered from an area estimated to be 1 × 3 km. The stone is an ordinary L5 chondrite (Fa25.0 and FS21.6) and is lightly shocked (S1). Metal phases present are kamacite, tetrataenite, and antitaenite. Noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe have been analyzed in two bulk samples of Campos Sales. All exposure ages based on determination of cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, 38Ar, 83Kr, and 126Xe abundances and on the cosmogenic 81Kr/83Kr ratio agree well, which suggests no gas loss during cosmic-ray exposure. The cosmic-ray exposure age is 23.3 ± 1.0 Ma, which falls in the range observed for L5 chondrites (20–30 Ma). The gas-retention ages indicate He loss that must have occurred prior to or during ejection from the L-chondrite parent body. 相似文献
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南中国海成因:右行拉分作用与左行转换挤压作用交替 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
总结分析了南中国海各次级盆地及其周缘有关盆地的裂谷作用序列 ,认为它们的裂谷作用序列是相似的 ,虽然存在局部差异。古近纪 (—早中新世 )和新近纪分别为一级裂谷阶段和后裂谷阶段 ,并可进一步划分次一级裂谷和后裂谷阶段。南中国海总体几何学特征及其次级盆地和周缘盆地的几何学特征表明 ,它们的裂谷作用是以近南北向主断裂为主剪切的右行拉分作用。在右行拉分过程中 ,东越南断裂的南延 (翼他陆架部分 )可能没有发生巨大脆性平移而表现为巨大的右行韧性牵引 ;印支—苏门答腊地块是被东越南断裂、东安达曼海断裂、红河断裂和苏门答腊断裂等四条断裂围限的呈菱形的右行走滑双重构造。深海盆的洋壳在许多方面与概念化大洋洋壳不同 ,相互矛盾的各种磁异常条带年龄并不可信。它的洋壳是右行拉分作用形成的洋壳。它们的后裂谷作用是以近南北向主断裂为主剪切的左行转换挤压反转变形为特征。联系到裂谷作用序列 ,南中国海成因具有右行拉分作用、裂谷作用和左行转换挤压作用交替出现的特征 ,表现了具有转换性质的“开”与“合”的更迭 相似文献