Risk assessment of environmental corrosion for reinforcing steel bars embedded in concrete in Taiwan     

Chien-Kuo Chiu  Fung-Chung Tu  Cheng-Yu Fan 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(1):581-611

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Distribution of uranium isotopes in the main channel of Yellow river (Huanghe), China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xueyan Jiang  Zhigang Yu  Teh-Lung Ku  Xinglun Kang  Wei Wei  Hongtao Chen 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Uranium isotopes were measured in waters and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of the main channel of Yellow River, China that were sampled during four field trips between August 2005 and July 2006. The results show that the concentration of dissolved U (2.04–7.83 μg/l) and the activity ratio of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U (1.36–1.67) are much higher than the average U concentrations and activity ratios of global major rivers. Mass balance calculations using the results of simulated experiments and measurement data show that the section of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Sanmenxia has its dissolved U derived from two sources: suspended sediments (68%) and groundwater/runoff from loess deposits (32%). Both sources are related to the heavy erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

Displacement amplification factors for steel eccentrically braced frames          下载免费PDF全文

Ahmet Kuşy𝚤lmaz  Cem Topkaya 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(2):167-184

Inelastic deformation capacity of links is a factor that significantly influences design of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The link rotation angle is used to describe inelastic link deformation. The link rotation angle is generally calculated by making use of design story drifts that in turn are calculated by modifying the elastic displacements by a displacement amplification factor. This paper presents a numerical study undertaken to evaluate the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 for EBFs and the rigid‐plastic mechanism used for calculating link rotation angles. A total of 72 EBFs were designed by considering the number of stories, the bay width, the link length to bay width ratio, and the seismic hazard level as the prime variables. All structures were analyzed using elastic and inelastic time history analyses. The results indicated that the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 provides unconservative estimates of the story drifts. On the other hand, the rigid‐plastic mechanism provides conservative estimates of link rotations. Based on the results of the numerical study, a new set of displacement amplification factors that vary along the height of the structure and modifications to the rigid‐plastic mechanism were developed. In light of the proposed modifications, the EBFs were redesigned and analyzed using inelastic time history analysis. The results indicated that the proposed modifications provide improvements for the displacement amplification factor and link rotation angle calculation procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Conservation of Korean Rural Heritage through the Use of Ecomuseums     

Lee Jeong-Hwan  Yoon Won-Keun  Choi Sik-In  Ku Jin-Hyuk 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2016,7(3):163-169

Rural heritage that involves agricultural heritage could be critical to enhancing community identity through a conservational approach. The purpose of this research is to develop conservational methods for rural heritage that include agricultural heritage areas through the use of ecomuseums. To conduct the research, we first reviewed the concepts of ecomuseum and rural heritage. Secondly, we defined the concept of the Korean rural ecomuseum by taking into consideration the concept defined by Riviere, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), the rural heritage policy of Europe, and the agricultural heritage systems of Korea. Thirdly, we also describe methods that are applicable to Korean rural ecomuseums, which include type classification and components. Finally, we applied the ecomuseum concept to two pilot models in the Cheongsando and Gurae areas, both Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System (KIAHS) sites. We conclude that it is desirable to expand the range of targets for conservation from agricultural heritage to rural heritage areas. From this point of view, the rural ecomuseum can be a highly valuable tool that can help preserve agricultural heritage sites and neighboring areas. Furthermore, the ecomuseum can enhance community identities, and strengthen local economies.  相似文献   

TGP二维与三维地质预报成果对比     

林超群  刘成禹  林毅鹏  刘汗青 《物探与化探》2014,(6)

以TGP超前地质预报理论和实际工程资料为基础,运用信息化逻辑方法对TGP二维与三维地质预报成果进行分析对比,主要从预报地质构造的位置、规模、围岩级别和产状四个成果比较二者的相同和不同之处。结果表明,对于隧道前方岩性无明显差异的围岩,二维与三维的地质预报结果基本相同;对于与隧道斜交的地质构造,二维与三维地质预报在构造产状预报结果上相近,但二维地质预报在围岩级别预测方面有利,三维地质预报在规模和位置的预报方面有利;对于与隧道激发炮孔连线一侧边墙不相交的地质构造,二维与三维地质预报结果基本不同,且三维比二维的地质预报结果有利。  相似文献   

Magnetic stratigraphy observed in ferromanganese crust   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lung S. Chan  Chau L. Chu  Teh L. Ku 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,80(3):715-723

Summary. A sample of ferromanganese crust deposit (SCHW-1D) was cut into two sets of 1 mm slices for palaeomagnetic study. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization analyses were performed on each thin slice. The results reveal the presence of a stable magnetism and both normal and reversed polarity intervals in the specimens. The observed polarity intervals cannot be confidently correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time-scale of the last 10 Myr due to the polarity overlap inherent in the sampling technique. But the results confirm the slow accretion rate of ferromanganese deposit determined by ¹⁰Be method and suggest potential use of ferromanganese deposits in palaeomagnetic and tectonic studies.  相似文献   

Diffuse Interstellar Band at 862 nm as a Reddening Tracer for GAIA     

Arūnas Kučinskas  Vladas Vansevičius 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,280(1-2):119-124

We investigate the plausibility of using diffuse interstellar band at862 nm for tracing interstellar extinction with the ESA's astrometric space mission GAIA. For this purpose we perform numerical tests to simulate the conditions of real observations, covering a wide range of stellar parameters and different amounts of interstellar extinction. Our simulations indicate that with the present Radial Velocity Spectrometer setup the uncertainty in color excess of σ_E(B-V)≤ 0.05 can be achieved only for the interstellar reddening tracers brighter than V ∼ 13. None of the plausible tracers can provide accurate color excesses (σ _E(B-V) ≤ 0.05) at the distances beyond 2 kpc. We therefore conclude that with the currently planned instrumentation onboard GAIA this method can not be used as a stand-alone approach for probing interstellar extinction on the Galactic distance scales within the framework of the GAIA mission. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Applications of interannual-resolution stable isotope records of speleothem: Climatic changes in Beijing and Tianjin, China during the past 500 years—the δ 18O record     

Hongchun Li  Delong Gu  Tehlung Ku  L. D. Stott  Wenji Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(4):362-368

δ¹⁸O of a stalagmite collected from Shihua Cave, 50 km southwest of Beijing is analyzed. The uppermost 2 cm was sampled at about 3-year intervals by a computer-controlled microsampling device. A total of 133 samples were analyzed, covering the last 480 years. A comparison of the δ¹⁸O record with the instrumentally recorded precipitation in Beijing and Tianjin back to 1840 AD shows that high precipitation correlates with negative δ¹⁸O peaks. The long-term δ¹⁸O trend records temperature changes. Between 1620 and 1900 AD, the temperature was cooler than the average value for the 480-year record, corresponding to the Little Ice Age. Temperatures warmer than the average prevailed during 1520–1620 and 1900—present. Superimposed on the long-term trend are about 14 δ¹⁸O cycles of 30–40-year periodicity, with wet periods centered around 1985, 1955, 1910, 1880, 1840, 1800, 1760, 1730, 1690, 1660, 1630, 1600, 1560 and 1530 AD. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9615875).  相似文献   

U-Series Chronology of Lacustrine Deposits in Death Valley, California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Teh-Lung Ku  Shangde Luo  Tim K. Lowenstein  Jianren Li  Ronald J. Spencer 《Quaternary Research》1998,50(3):261-275

Uranium-series dating on a 186-m core (DV93-1) drilled from Badwater Basin in Death Valley, California, and on calcareous tufas from nearby strandlines shows that Lake Manly, the lake that periodically flooded Death Valley during the late Pleistocene, experienced large fluctuations in depth and chemistry over the last 200,000 yr. Death Valley has been occupied by a long-standing deep lake, perennial shallow saline lakes, and a desiccated salt pan similar to the modern valley floor. The average sedimentation rate of about 1 mm/yr for core DV93-1 was punctuated by episodes of more-rapid accumulation of halite. Arid conditions similar to the modern conditions prevailed during the entire Holocene and between 120,000 and 60,000 yr B.P. From 35,000 yr B.P. to the beginning of the Holocene, a perennial saline lake existed, over 70 m at its deepest. A much deeper and longer lasting perennial Lake Manly existed from about 185,000 to 128,000 yr B.P., with water depths reaching about 175 m, if not 330 m. This lake had two significant “dry” excursions of 10²–10³yr duration about 166,000 and 146,000 yr B.P., and it began to shrink to the point of halite precipitation between 128,000 and 120,000 yr B.P. The two perennial lake periods correspond to marine oxygen isotopic stages (OIS) 2 and 6. Based on the shoreline tufa ages, we do not rule out the possible existence 200,000 yr ago of yet a third perennial lake comparable in size to the OIS 6 lake. The²³⁴U/²³⁸U data suggest that U in tufa owes its origin mainly to Ca-rich springs fed by groundwater that emanated along lake shorelines in southern Death Valley, and that an increase of this spring-water input relative to the river-water input apparently occurred during OIS 6.  相似文献   

Speleothems as high-resolution paleoenvironment archives: Records from northeastern China     

T. L. Ku  H. C. Li 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(4):321-330

The isotopic compositions of oxygen and carbon and trace concentrations of magnesium and strontium in speleothems formed in limestone caves respond to climate changes outside the caves. Measurements of these properties on a stalagmite from Shihua Cave near Beijing, China, allowed reconstruction of the regional changes in precipitation, temperature and nature of vegetation. Over the last ∼ 500 years, there were fourteen precipitation cycles with a periodicity of 30–40 years, which may well reflect fluctuations in the strength of the East Asian summer monsoons reaching northeastern China. Relative to the mean temperature of this time interval, the period 1620–1900 AD was cold and periods 1520–1620 and 1900–1994 were warm. Over the last ∼ 3000-years, about eight wet/cool-dry/warm climatic cycles of 300–400 years duration occurred, the latest wet/cool half cycle corresponding to the Little Ice Age. The δ¹³C record registers the anthropogenic activities of fossil fuel CO₂ combustion in recent decades and regional deforestation between 13 and 16 centuries when Beijing was bustling with palatial constructions and being developed into the world’s most populated city.  相似文献