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1.
Sam J. Leuthold Stephanie A. Ewing Robert A. Payn Florence R. Miller Stephan G. Custer 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14029
In snowmelt-driven mountain watersheds, the hydrologic connectivity between meteoric waters and stream flow generation varies strongly with the season, reflecting variable connection to soil and groundwater storage within the watershed. This variable connectivity regulates how streamflow generation mechanisms transform the seasonal and elevational variation in oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of meteoric precipitation. Thus, water isotopes in stream flow can signal immediate connectivity or more prolonged mixing, especially in high-relief mountainous catchments. We characterized δ18O and δD values in stream water along an elevational gradient in a mountain headwater catchment in southwestern Montana. Stream water isotopic compositions related most strongly to elevation between February and March, exhibiting higher δ18O and δD values with decreasing elevation. These elevational isotopic lapse rates likely reflect increased connection between stream flow and proximal snow-derived water sources heavily subject to elevational isotopic effects. These patterns disappeared during summer sampling, when consistently lower δ18O and δD values of stream water reflected contributions from snowmelt or colder rainfall, despite much higher δ18O and δD values expected in warmer seasonal rainfall. The consistently low isotopic values and absence of a trend with elevation during summer suggest lower connectivity between summer precipitation and stream flow generation as a consequence of drier soils and greater transpiration. As further evidence of intermittent seasonal connectivity between the stream and adjacent groundwaters, we observed a late-winter flush of nitrate into the stream at higher elevations, consistent with increased connection to accumulating mineralized nitrogen in riparian wetlands. This pattern was distinct from mid-summer patterns of nitrate loading at lower elevations that suggested heightened human recreational activity along the stream corridor. These observations provide insights linking stream flow generation and seasonal water storage in high elevation mountainous watersheds. Greater understanding of the connections between surface water, soil water and groundwater in these environments will help predict how the quality and quantity of mountain runoff will respond to changing climate and allow better informed water management decisions. 相似文献
2.
S. P. Villacorta K. G. Evans K. Nakatani I. Villanueva 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(3):425-436
AbstractLarge debris flows in steep-sloped ravines debouching to the Rimac River, in metropolitan Lima (Peruvian capital), have resulted in considerable loss of life and property adversely impacting communities in the region. Temporal, spatial and volumetric features of debris flows are difficult to predict, and it is of utmost importance that achievable management solutions are found to reduce the impact of these catastrophic events. The emotional and economic toll of these debris flows on this increasingly densely populated capital city in South America is devastating where communities must live in such inadequate and dangerous conditions. To address this problem, the application of advanced Japanese technology, Sustainable Actions Basin Orientation (SABO), has been investigated using a geomorphological modelling to develop an implementation plan. Rayos de Sol stream basin in Chosica, was selected as a pilot to develop the proposal, as it is considered high risk due to the presence of ancient debris flows and recent flows in 2012, 2015 and 2017. The recurrence of debris flows in this location has resulted in numerous deaths and catastrophic property losses. This study combines geologic and geomorphic mapping and hydraulic and landform evolution numerical modelling. The implementation of a SABO Master Plan based on the multidisciplinary assessment hazard scenarios, will allow the implementation of feasible mitigation actions. The SABO technology has been applied successfully in Japan and other countries in areas with steep short slopes, similar to the conditions surrounding the Peruvian capital. Results from this study will be presented to the Peruvian Government as part of an action plan to manage debris-flow impact.
- KEY POINTS
High-risk mass slope failure is linked to poor urban planning in urban developing regions of Lima the capital of Peru.
A multidisciplinary study including geotechnical and hydrological analysis, engineering design, and socio-economic research is required to implement a SABO Master Plan, and this basin is pilot study basin.
At the present time, a maintenance programme for existing hydraulic structures should be implemented, and a flood risk management plan developed may propose the relocation of some communities and infrastructure.
3.
Golionko B. G. Basilyan A. E. Nikolsky P. A. Kostyleva V. V. Malyshev N. A. Verzhbitsky V. E. Obmetko V. V. Borodulin A. A. 《Geotectonics》2019,53(6):675-699
Geotectonics - Detailed lithological, stratigraphic, and structural studies of the fold-thrust structures were conducted on New Siberia Island. We have established that the jointly deformed... 相似文献
4.
Birgita D. Hansen Peter G. Dahlhaus Robert G. Milne Andrew D. MacLeod Chris Pitfield 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(6):709-719
Natural Resource Management (NRM) is often conducted as a partnership between government and citizens. In Australia, government agencies formulate policy and fund implementation that may be delivered on-ground by community groups (such as Landcare). Since the late 1980s, over AUS$8b of Commonwealth investment has been made in NRM. However, quantitative evidence of environmental improvements is lacking. The NRM Planning Portal has been developed to (1) provide an online spatial information system for sharing Landcare and agency data; and (2) to facilitate NRM priority setting at local and regional planning scales. While the project successfully federates Landcare NRM activity data, challenges included (1) unstructured, non-standardized data, meaning that quantitative reporting against strategic objectives is not currently possible, and (2) a lack of common understanding about the value proposition for adopting the portal approach. Demonstrating the benefit of technology adoption is a key lesson for digital NRM planning. 相似文献
5.
Mathematical Geosciences - The majority of popular methods of prospectivity modeling refer to the raster mode of digital two-dimensional map images or three-dimensional geomodels, thus requiring a... 相似文献
6.
Chugaev A. V. Chernyshev I. V. Pokrovsky B. G. Mandzhieva G. V. Gareev B. I. Sadasyuk A. S. Batalin G. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,485(1):336-340
Doklady Earth Sciences - Abstract—This article is devoted to a study of variations in the U isotopic composition (238U/235U) in the section of clastic–carbonate Ediacaran sediments... 相似文献
7.
Ginzburg A. S. Semenov V. A. Semutnikova E. G. Aleshina M. A. Zakharova P. V. Lezina E. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,495(1):862-866
Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of an analysis of changes in the atmospheric air quality in Moscow during the lockdown period and the decline in business activity caused by the COVID-19... 相似文献
8.
Hriday Mani Kalita Das Rajdeep Hajong Atul Kumar Neeraj Kharnaior Donly Dkhar Heart Casingh 《Water Resources》2019,46(6):934-943
Water Resources - This paper reports a series of experimental studies done to simulate the flow behavior over crump and ogee type of weirs. The transition of subcritical to supercritical flow, as... 相似文献
9.
Smirnov S. E. Mikhailov Yu. M. Mikhailova G. A. Kapustina O. V. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2019,59(6):696-703
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Winter thunderstorms in Kamchatka are a rare meteorological phenomenon. Temporal variations of the quasi-static electric field and meteorological values at the Paratunka... 相似文献
10.
Geotectonics - The dunite–wehrlite–clinopyroxenite–gabbro massif in Eastern Chukotka, a key object for geodynamic reconstructions of the Vel’may terrane, which represents... 相似文献