基于孢粉的古气候参数定量重建:一种新思路及其在中国的应用实例     

陈建徽  吕飞亚  黄小忠  H J B Birks  R J Telford  张生瑞  许清海  赵艳  王海鹏  周爱锋  黄伟  刘建宝  魏国英 《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(1)

传统的孢粉-古气候定量重建评估主要衡量校准集对现代气候状况的模拟结果或化石样品与校准集样品的可比程度,客观上导致特定地点重建气候参数的取舍缺少明确标准.基于国际上通过随机数据开展定量重建显著性检验的新方法,充分利用中国环境梯度大、植被类型丰富、现代表土孢粉数据完善等优势,提出一种孢粉-古气候参数定量重建的新思路:首先确定控制化石孢粉组成变化最主要环境因子,随后通过限制其他环境因子来构造校准集以开展该因子的定量重建,最后完成重建结果显著性评估.将该思路应用于分别位于黄土高原东、西两侧的吕梁山公海和六盘山天池化石孢粉序列,所获得的年降水量P_(ann)定量重建不仅具有统计上的显著性(p0.001),且相互间在共同时段表现出良好、稳定的相关关系,均指示了约3300cal a BP以来的东亚夏季风降水快速下降,显示其具备降低基于孢粉的古气候参数定量重建不确定性的较大潜力.  相似文献   

New observations and transit solutions of the inflated exoplanets HAT-P-40b and HAT-P-51b     

Diana P.Kjurkchieva  Nikola I.Petrov  Velimir A.Popov 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(2)

We present high-precision photometric observations of the transiting exoplanets HAT-P-40 b and HAT-P-51 b by the Rozhen 2-m telescope.The newly-observed transit of HAT-P-40 b is the first one with a complete curve.The orbital periods of the two targets were improved.We modeled the observed transits and found bigger stellar radii than those derived from the stellar models.The planet radii of HATP-40 b and HAT-P-51 b obtained from our transit solutions are bigger than the values calculated by the empirical relations for Jupiter-mass and Saturn-mass planets respectively.Their values reveal the highlyinflated nature of the two targets,especially that of HAT-P-51 b.We established that the best transit solutions correspond to a quadratic limb-darkening law.The fitted limb-darkening coefficients of HAT-P-40 are close to the theoretical ones while those of HAT-P-51 are a little different.The precise astrometric Gaia distances of the two targets are smaller by 6%–7%than the calculated values from the stellar models.We propose the Gaia distances to be used for improvement of the stellar models as well as for more reliable calculation of the parameters of the known exoplanets.  相似文献   

Satellite estimates and subpixel variability of rainfall in a semi-arid grassland          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Chen  Jing Duan  Junling An  Huizhi Liu  Ulrich G?rsdorf  Franz H.Berger 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):24-29

卫星估雨精度的不确定性受到当地降雨类型和像元内降雨非均匀性影响,而结合这两个关键因素开展半干旱草原卫星估雨的研究有限.2009年夏,我们在中国锡林郭勒半干旱草原用多部微雨雷达和雨量计构建了9 km卫星像元降雨观测网,观测了像元内降雨非均匀性(空间变异系数CV),并评估了卫星估雨精度.结果表明:(1)CV值受像元内平均降雨量,降雨类型,降雨云面积及移向等影响,如高Cv值的降雨过程大多为平均降雨量小,对流性降雨过程,降雨云边缘像元CV值较高;(2)TRMM 3B42V7卫星估雨产品适用性较好,CMORPH和PERSIANN次之,但TRMM 3B42V7易在半干旱草原湖泊处高估降雨.  相似文献   

Intraseasonal oscillation of the southwest monsoon over Sri Lanka and evaluation of its subseasonal forecast skill          下载免费PDF全文

L.A.D.Buddika Bandurathna  Lu Wang  Xuan Zhou  Yifeng Cheng  Lin Chen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(6):7-13

斯里兰卡的雨季发生于5-9月间,主要受西南季风的控制.本文发现该地区的西南季风降水存在很强的次季节变率,主导周期为10-35天.降水的季节内变化与西传的异常气旋有关.进一步,利用S2S比较计划中欧洲中心的数值预报模式(ECMWF)提供的回报试验数据,评估了当今动力模式对斯里兰卡西南季风次季节变化的预报技巧.结果显示,对季风指数的预测技巧超过30天,而对降水指数的预测技巧大约两周,且模式的预报技巧具有明显的年际差异.分析表明,能否正确模拟出大尺度环流对热带对流的响应是影响斯里兰卡降水预测的重要因子.  相似文献   

Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?     

Sarfraz KHAN  Umair Bin NISAR  Khawar A. AHMED  Muhammad WASEEM  Waqas AHMED 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1544-1557

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.  相似文献   

Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Early to Middle Miocene Sequence in West Central Sinai,Egypt, as Revealed from Fossil Diatoms     

Abdelfattah A. ZALAT 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(1):354-366

A detailed analysis of the diatoms from the sedimentary sequence exposed in Abu Qada basin, west central Sinai, was used to determine the palaeoenvironmental changes during the Lower to Middle Miocene. A total of 85 diatom species and varieties belonging to 37 genera were identified from 154 samples collected throughout the stratigraphic succession. The lithological characters of the studied samples varied between sandstone, silty interbeds, sandy shales, shales, and terminated with anhydrite and limestones. These rock units are included in two lithostratigraphic formations (Rudies and Kareem), which are separated by a marked unconformity. The distribution and preservation of fossil diatoms in the sedimentary record are examined with the aim of outlining the temporal and spatial variation in the composition of the diatom assemblages, in order to estimate the changes in depositional environments during the Lower to Middle Miocene. The distributional pattern of the recorded diatom taxa distinguished four diatom eco-zones. The environment of each eco-zone is deduced and a proposed paleobathymetric change and depositional history of the Miocene sediments in the studied area are given.  相似文献   

四川江油渔洞子飞仙关组巨鲕灰岩的成因解释——在微观及超微世界里认识华南早三叠世巨鲕灰岩的成因     

周志澄  罗辉  许波  Willems H.  王学恒  蔡华伟  陈迪舒  刘实佳  陈金华 《地层学杂志》2018,(2)

作为错时相沉积之一的巨鲕灰岩在我国华南早三叠世地层中广泛出现,在寒武纪之后本已消失的这种沉积类型为什么会在早三叠世又重新出现?在四川江油渔洞子下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩的底部,产有一套巨鲕灰岩,通过高倍显微镜及扫描电镜的深入研究,首次发现在巨鲕灰岩的鲕粒和围岩中充满丰富的疑似底栖蓝细菌、疑似颗粒状浮游蓝细菌及其他超微化石。根据这些疑似底栖蓝细菌的结构和构造特点,可以划分出下列几种类型:疑似蛛网状蓝细菌,疑似微球状蓝细菌,疑似网格状蓝细菌,疑似蠕虫状蓝细菌,疑似直管状蓝细菌,疑似链状蓝细菌,疑似花瓣状蓝细菌和Renalsis,疑似颗粒状浮游蓝细菌(主要有两种类型:简单的椭球粒和螺旋状球粒)。超微化石包括钙球和铃铛形超微化石。疑似底栖和浮游蓝细菌及其他超微生物的大量繁盛,是二叠纪-三叠纪之交海洋生态环境恶化、海洋底栖动物大灭绝所产生的后果。这一发现不仅使我们在微观世界和超微世界里重新认识巨鲕灰岩的成因,它是生物和沉积两种主要因素共同作用的结果,从而对巨鲕灰岩的时代分布做出了很好的解释;同时,也可以帮助我们重塑当时该地区的海洋古生态系统。  相似文献   

Morphological and Phylogenetic Studies of a Copepod Species,Irodes parupenei Ho and Lin (2007), Infecting Parupeneus rubescens in Saudi Arabia     

DKHIL Mohamed A  ALHAFIDH Wejdan  AL-QURAISHY Saleh  ALOTAIBI Mashael  BANAEEM Manal  ALSALEH Thekra  ABDEL-GABER Rewaida 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(2):457-464

Dammam City is one of the gorgeous coastal areas in the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia.The present study aimed to ex-amine one of the copepod species infecting the rosy goatfish that represents a highly consumed fish species by the local population in the Arabian Gulf.The copepod species isolated from the infected fish specimens belong to the family Taeniacanthidae and was iden-tified as Irodes parupenei Ho and Lin(2007),primarily based on its morphological,morphometric,and ultrastructural characteris-tics,especially the structures of the dorsal cephalic area,segmentation of the first antenna,the absence of the maxilliped claw in the fe-male specimens,and the setation and spinulation of the legs 2-4 for the adult females are of great significance in the taxonomic iden-tification.The 18S rRNA gene sequence was analyzed to ensure the precise identity and exact taxonomic status of the copepod species.The result showed that this copepod species belong to Taenicanthidae and closely related to Irodes sauridi(gb|JF781550.1)in the same taxon.More details on the specificity of the goatfish for Irodes species and identifying these parasitic taxa using molecular analysis are given in the present study.  相似文献   

数码相机与全站仪集成原理与方法     

徐进军  H. Ingensand  张民伟 《测绘通报》2006,(10):5-8

普通数码相机以其价廉、灵活的特点在实际工程中得到广泛的应用。但物镜畸变较大而且内外方位元素求解复杂,从一定程度上限制了其进一步的应用。结合数码相机的特点,讨论数码相机与全站仪集成的有关原理、方法及实现过程,使非量测相机量测化。通过室内实验,说明这种集成是可行的,能满足工程上的测量要求。  相似文献   

The Seasonal Prediction of the Exceptional Yangtze River Rainfall in Summer 2020     

Chaofan LI  Riyu LU  Nick DUNSTONE  Adam A.SCAIFE  Philip E.BETT  Fei ZHENG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(12):2055-2066

During June and July of 2020, the Yangtze River basin suffered from extreme mei-yu rainfall and catastrophic flooding. This study explores the seasonal predictability and associated dynamical causes for this extreme Yangtze River rainfall event, based on forecasts from the Met Office GloSea5 operational forecast system. The forecasts successfully predicted above-average rainfall over the Yangtze River basin, which arose from the successful reproduction of the anomalous western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). Our results indicate that both the Indian Ocean warm sea surface temperature (SST) and local WNP SST gradient were responsible for the westward extension of the WNPSH, and the forecasts captured these tropical signals well. We explore extratropical drivers but find a large model spread among the forecast members regarding the meridional displacements of the East Asian mid-latitude westerly jet (EAJ). The forecast members with an evident southward displacement of the EAJ favored more extreme Yangtze River rainfall. However, the forecast Yangtze River rainfall anomaly was weaker compared to that was observed and no member showed such strong rainfall. In observations, the EAJ displayed an evident acceleration in summer 2020, which could lead to a significant wind convergence in the lower troposphere around the Yangtze River basin, and favor more mei-yu rainfall. The model forecast failed to satisfactorily reproduce these processes. This difference implies that the observed enhancement of the EAJ intensity gave a large boost to the Yangtze River rainfall, hindering a better forecast of the intensity of the event and disaster mitigation.  相似文献